542 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



ceeded by a shale, and that by a gray sandstone, and that, in 

 turn, by a calcareous cod glomerate. 



The ore varies in composition from a silicious and lean ore at 

 the north, which contains generally too much phosphorus for 

 making Bessemer pig iron, to a rich, Bessemer ore at the south. 

 Quartz in fine grains, calcite in small, crystalline nests and pyrite 

 are common in it. All of it has to be roasted before smelting. 

 The Burden mines are reached by a railwa} r three and a-half 

 miles long, from the Hudson river, near Catskill station. 



The first mining of considerable extent done on this range was 

 in 1874. Next year the Hudson River Spathic Iron Ore Com- 

 pany was organized, and the mines were worked by that company 

 for about two years. In 1882 the property came into the 

 possession of the Hudson Kiver Ore and Iron Company, and a 

 large establishment was at once set up. There are 10 roasting 

 kilns on the river at the Burden docks ; and the ore is shipped to 

 Troy, Scranton, Pa., and Franklin Furnace, New Jersey. 



LOCALITIES OF IRON ORE IN NEW YORK. 



Magnetite. — There are two principal districts of this ore : 

 (1) Highlands or southeastern, (v) Adirondack or northern. In 

 the first there are mines at Sterling, near Greenwood, and Forest 

 of Dean, besides many smaller mines in Orange county. There 

 are numerous openings in northern Westchester and southwest- 

 ern and central Putnam counties, east of the Hudson river 

 (Croft's, Mahopac, Theall, Tilly Foster, etc.). In northern New 

 York ore occurs at many localities in Washington, Saratoga, 

 Warren, Essex, Clinton, Franklin, St. Lawrence, Lewis. Herki- 

 mer and Fulton counties. Mines are worked at Mount Hope in 

 Washington county, near Crown Point ; Paradox lake, in vicinity 

 of Port Henry in Essex county, and very large deposits 

 un worked occur at Adirondack and in Westport ; Palmer Hill, 

 Arnold ore bed, aud Chateaugay in Clinton county; Clifton 

 (idle), in St. Lawrence county ; occurrences are also noted in 

 Jefferson county. 



Magnetic iron sand is found to some extent on the southern 

 shore of Long Island, on tue western shore of Lake Champlain 

 and on the Hudson river and smaller streams in the northern 

 part of the State. 



