August 15, 1888.] 



Garden and Forest. 



297 



century, is rarely found in rrardens, wliere, indeed, It is so rare 

 that no common or English name seems to have come into 

 use for it. Tlie Carolina Stuartia is, nevertheless, one of the 

 most attractive of hardy summer-blooming- shrubs, and it 

 should find a place in tlie smallest and most carefully selected 

 collections. It is a plant of rather slow growth while young; 

 and it needs to be fully established to develop all its beauties. 

 It is found to thrive in a compost of peat and loam, enriched 

 with an occasional dressing of well rotted mamu-e. 



Buiidleia is the only member in the collection of the Log- 

 aniacece, a family of which the best known American repre- 

 sentative is the so-called Yellow Jasmine of the Southern 

 States {GelseDtium), and its only hardy representative among 

 woody plants. There are two species here — B. Lhidleyana, 

 of China, and B. cjirviflora, of Japan. They are very similar, 

 and as these species appear here they seem merely slightly 

 marked varieties of the same plant. The stems suffer in se- 

 vere winters, being sometimes killed cjuite down to the ground, 

 but they always spring up again, and flower profusely at this 

 season of the year. They are three or four feet high here, 

 covered with large, ovate, sharply serrate, pointed leaves, anti 

 handsome, terminal, recurved racemes of purple-red flowers. 

 But the interest in these plants is rather botanical than liorti- 

 cultural, and they will proliably not be very often seen in 

 American gardens, where many lietter plants are more at 

 home. 



And this is true of G?-L-iuia farvifora from northern China, 

 a member of the family of which the Linden is the chief rep- 

 resentative, and one of the plants for which tlie Arboretimi is 

 indebted to Dr. Bretschneider. Here it is a low shrub, two or 

 three feet high, often killed to tlie ground in severe winters. 

 The leaves are ample, witli three prominent veins, unequally 

 serrate, dark green and hispidulous above, pale and canescent 

 on the lower surface. The small yellow flowers are borne in 

 dense umbels, on stout erect peduncles opposite the leaves, 

 which quite hide them from view. This interesting plant has 

 no horticultin-al value. 



litis (Cissus) tjidk/isa is a handsome American species, 

 now in flower. It is well suited for covering trellises or walls, 

 although rarely met with in cultivation, "j'itis indivisa is a 

 vigorous growing plant, with stems fifteen or twenty feet long, 

 climbing by means of tendrils. The leaves are four or five 

 inches long, heart-shaped or truncate at the base, coarsely and 

 sharply serrate, but not lobed. The panicle of flowers is small 

 and loose, and the berries barely e.xceed a pea in size. It is a 

 native of river banks from West' Virginia and Ohio southward, 

 and one of the hardiest and freest growing plants of its class. 



Puriploca Gra-ca is a useful plant, too, for covering trellises, 

 and for use in situations where a plant of very rapid growth is 

 needed. It belongs to the l\'Iilk--weed family, and is a native 

 of south-eastern Europe and the Orient, whence it was intro- 

 duced into the gardens of western Europe fully three centu- 

 ries ago. It has handsome bright gi'een and shining ovate, or 

 ovate-lanceolate, opposite leaves, five or six inches long, and 

 small flowers, green without and purple on the- inside, borne 

 in loose, long peduncled corymbs. Twenty feet is not an e.x- 

 cessive growth for this plant to make in a single season, but 

 as it continues to grow late into the autumn, die wood does 

 not always ripen, and the stems are then killed back, but 

 only to start again the next spring with renewed vigor. 



The development in late years of various garden races of 

 Clematis, with very larg-e and showy flowers, has had a ten- 

 dency to cause many mteresting and useful species of this 

 plant to be neglected by gardeners. Three of these, however, 

 now flowering with many others in the collection, are worthy 

 of notice from a strictly liorticultural point of view. They are 

 Clematis coccinea, C. gravcolcns and C. integrifolia. Clematis 

 coccinea, a native of Texas, is a smooth, slender vine, climbing 

 to a height of six or eight feet, with three-foliate, dark green, 

 and rather coriaceous leaves, and solitary, nodding, bright 

 scarlet, ovoid flowers an inch long, and borne on very long, 

 erect terminal peduncles. The thick, coriaceous divisions of 

 the perianth are strongly reflexed, with the interior surface 

 clear, bright yellow. This plant, in spite of its extreme south- 

 ern origin, is perfectly hardy here, and must be considered 

 one of the best of recent introductions by all who see_ its 

 abunrlant and showy flowers. Clematis graveolens, sometimes 

 improperly called C. Orientalis, in gardens, a name which be- 

 longs to a Levantine plant, is a yellow flowered species from 

 Chinese Tartary and the higli pas'ses of the western Himalayas. 

 It is a smooth, graceful plant, climbing to a height of eight or 

 ten feet, with slender, obtusely-angled branches, variouslv 

 divided pinnate leaves, with peti'oled ovate or lanceolate leaf- 

 lets, long, slender peduncles exceeding the leaves, and bear- 

 ing a single clear yellow flower, an inch or more across. 



I 



The heads of fruit, with their long, feathery tails, are ex- 

 ceedingly ornamental, remaining upon the plant until win- 

 ter. This is a perfectly hardy plant, thriving in any good 

 garden soil, and one of the most desirable and attractive of the 

 small flowered Clematises. Clematis integrifolia is a native 

 of eastern Europe and has been cultivated in gardens for 

 nearly three centuries. This plant grows two or three feet 

 high only, and the bright blue flowers are much smaller than 

 those of the Hybrid Clematises of the Jacknian race, which 

 flower with it, but they are as handsome, if not as con- 

 spicuous, and they are produced ni equal profusion ; while 

 this plant is quite free from the diseases which, in this coun- 

 trv, sooner or later carry away sudi-leniy and unexpectedly all 

 the hybrid Clematises, and which make them so thoroughly 

 unsatisfactory here. j. 



July 29th. 



The Forest. 



The Forests of the United States. 



F the himbermen of the United States will take the Ninth 

 Volume of the loth Census reports and read the estimates 

 and statistics on the standing timber of the United States 

 and compare with them the amount of timber cut and sold 

 in the past eight years, in connection v\'ith careful estimates 

 being now^ made over the same ground in the timber states 

 of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, California, Oregon, 

 Pennsylvania and INIaine, they will be convinced that time 

 has proved our estimates to have been approximately 

 correct. The careful e.xamination of that Census work, 

 especially the object lessons presented by the maps of Forest 

 areas, will give, too, some knowdedge on timber matters. 

 In Wisconsin, for example, the estimate in 1880 of standing 

 Pine was some forty-one billion feet board measure, of which 

 fifteen billion was in the Chippewa Valley. The eight years' 

 cutting and the present amoimt of standing timber, estimated 

 now at less than ten billion feet, show the 1880 estimate a fair 

 one. Again the Redwood of California was estimated in 

 the Census report at twenty-five billion ; there has been an 

 annual cutting of some three hundred and twenty-five 

 million since ; the present estimate being about twenty 

 billion feet, and iricluding much that is not very available. 

 It is claimed that Michigan has less than thirty billion left, 

 and the amount in Minnesota is probably about eight or 

 ten billion feet. Since 1880, the available timber in the 

 southern timber States, from the Carolinas around to and 

 including Texas, the country of the Long-leaved Pine has 

 heen more thoroughly explored and estimated, and the 

 available timber has been purchased largely, mostly b)' 

 northern lumbermen wdio know the value of timber, and 

 who, having sawed iqj or sold out their own, have bought 

 this cheap pine and cypress as an investment, paying about 

 twenty and twenty-fi'^'e cents per thousand. These estimates 

 and more careful reports of expert woodsmen do not add 

 to the Census figures. I think, on the whole, the last 

 report is generally the smaller. On the Pacific Coast, 

 great changes have taken place in this respect. In Cali- 

 fornia, up to 1880, little, if anything, was known of the 

 amount or value of the Redwood of the coast or of the 

 sugar pine of the Sierras. Now the former is all in hands 

 of second and third parties, mostly owned by practical 

 lumbermen who will hold and manufacture it. The sugar 

 pine we may call a "reserve," as it can only be reached 

 by long flumes. In Oregon there is not much change. 

 In Washington Territory, especially about Puget Sound, 

 there has been a decided advance in values, new mills 

 have been built, large companies have been organized 

 who are purchasing timber from the railroads and from 

 Government and are preparing for extensive manufactures 

 of the Fir and Cedar. To say that there is of the Firs, 

 Cedars and other merchantable timbers in Washington 

 Territory, Oregon and in the Pend d'Oreille Region of 

 Idaho, fivehundred billion feet, would I think, judging from 

 an extensive examination made in 1882 and 1S83, and from 

 reliable sources, be low enough; that it will much exceed 

 this estimate when cut, unless fires destroy it, is my 

 belief. In the Middle States of West Virginia, Kentucky, 



