November 7, iSSS. 



Garden and Forest. 



439 



thickly till near the time when settled wintry weather sets in. 



iMany root crops— Parsnips, Salsity, Scorzonera, Artichokes 

 and Horseradish, for example— are perfectly hardy with us, 

 and keep better and retain their qualitv better when left in the 

 ground and lifted and used as required. But this is impracti- 

 cable. We may leave a part of each crop in the ground till 

 early spring, if so desired, but as it is advisable to have the 

 o-round completelv cleared of summer crops, manured and 

 plowed or dug in fall, this work could not well be done 

 if some of each l<ind of roots were left growing in the ground 

 till spring. 



Roots of Sea Kale, Dandelions, Sorrel and Chicory, tor win- 

 ter forcing, should be lifted now and stored in sand in the root 

 house for use as desired. . In topping them, we are careful 

 never to cut' into the crown, as it. is the leaf and not the root 

 that is used. As the winter advances we keep up a succes- 

 sion of these vegetables, planting the roots thickly in soap 



should be avoided at all timesduring the winter, and especially 

 with Papa Gontier and Niphetos. Both of these Roses are very 

 susceptible to excessive watering, and will soon show its 

 effects by an unhealthy appearance and the loss of a large 

 portion of their foliage. 



Another trouljle tlie Rose-grower has to contend with at this 

 season, or has to contend with to a greater extent at this sea- 

 son than during the summer months, is the disease known as 

 " black spot," or "black mildew," an insidious and most pei-- 

 sistent enemy to healthy Rose growth, and though well known 

 in appearance, Rose-growers seem unable to entirely prevent 

 its ravages, especial h' among the Hybrid Teas. \'arious 

 modes of treatment have been adopted for the purpose of 

 preventing or caring "black spot," and with various degrees 

 of success, the most approved method at present being that 

 of keeping the affected plants rather dry at the root, and at the 

 same time giving them a slight increase in temperature. This 



pies at NiliUo, J.ipan.— Sec page 434. 



bo.xes placed in the Mushroom house or other quarters, where 

 a temperature of 60" or over is maintained. And when they 

 start to grow, in order to have the tops well bleached and 

 tender, we invert other bo.xes o\er those in which the roots 

 are o-rowin'i'. IVilliam Falconer. 



Glen Cove, N. ^'. 



Roses A close watch should l>e kept at this time of the 



year for the first appearance of red spider on the Roses, 

 because, when taken in time, the spider may be exterminated 

 before much injury has been done. Unless very carefully fired 

 during the changeable weather of the autumn, die houses on 

 some occasions may get too warm at night, and -when this 

 occurs the foliage of die Roses becomes weakened and an 

 easy prev to the spider. Thorough syringing, with a good 

 pressure of water, is the most effectual method of dealing with 

 red spider, and by using a good head of water the stream can 

 be used to much greater advantage on the foliage without 

 giving an undue amount at the root, which latter condition 



seems a reasonable treatment, from the fact that the spot 

 almost invariablv follows excessive watering, when the latter 

 is coupled with a close, moist atmosphere. It is also well to 

 remove the affected leaves as much as is possil)le without 

 actually stripping the plants, as it is most likely that the growth 

 of the fungus is'encouraged and spread about by the decayed 

 leaves falling on the ground. In fact, cleanliness will l)e found 

 to pav in the Rose-house at all times of the year. This disease 

 has given most trouble among the Hybrid Tea Roses, 

 such "as La France, Bennett, American Beauty, and others of 

 similar character, and from the preference it has shown for 

 this class of Roses, it would seem as it there was some 

 special defect in their constitution, which laid them open 

 to its attacks. Either this is true or else the prevalen 

 mode of growing them is defective. Possibly the decidu- 

 ous habit of the Hvbrid Per])etuals mav have someUnng 

 to do with the peculiarities of the Hybrid Teas, though the 

 hitter class is usiiallv understood to do l)etter when treated 



