466 



Garden and Forest. 



[November 21, 1888. 



Ailanthus 



Apple 



Ash, Green 



Black Walnut 



Box Elder 



Butternut 



Catalpa, Hardy 



Catalpa, Tender ... 



Cedar, Red 



Chestnut 



Elm, American 



Hickory, Small Nut. 

 Hickory, Large Nut 



Honey Locust 



Larch 



Linden 



Maple, Hard 



Maple, Soft 



Oak, Burr 



Osage Orange 



Pine, Austrian 



Pine, Scotch 



Pine, White 



Spruce, Norway . . . 

 Willow, White 



Totals , 



Sio 40 

 50 00 

 76 94 

 24 00 



2 GO 



20 40 

 2 00 



21 77 



30 00 

 4 76 



3 50 



4 50 

 10 00 

 gS oo 

 10 00 

 20 00 



8 16 

 15 00 



5 44 

 30 00 

 30 00 



122 49 



29 94 



8 00 



^(^37 30 



n 

 o 



$25 20 

 42 58 



8 50 



3 43 

 5 50 



4 17 



6 79 

 3 95 



6 40 

 21 20 



6 40 

 10 60 



6 17 



6 00 



4 7S 

 4 40 

 4 25 

 985 



7 45 

 4 57 



S192 28 



$15 00 

 190 6 

 21 14 

 II 00 

 24 23 

 6 50 

 43 37 



14 65 



10 39 

 6 00 

 9 00 

 5 00 



189 44 



5 60 



20 26 



11 09 

 2 00 



14 14 

 69 36 

 48 14 

 250 45 

 34 92 

 27 49 



,$90 20 

 310 15 



53 64 



13 00 

 48 06 



14 00 

 69 31 



;io29 79 



57 44 



19 10 



9 50, 



13 5°: 



21 40 

 308 64 



20 00 



50 86 

 25 42 



23 00 



24 34 

 103 76 



S2 39 

 382 69 



72 31 

 40 16 



$1846 87 



$35 



00 



20 



00 



8 

 5 



00 

 00 





7 



00 







2 



3 



65 



50 



25 

 00 



5 



00 



2 



30 



50 

 00 



SI 83 



25 



Among the trees which flourish when planted by themselves 

 are the Conifers in general, the Sugar Maple and hardy Catalpa. 

 The European Larch is planted in long rows, reaching from 

 the driest to the wettest portions of the soil. On the If rst it has 

 done magnificently well. The trees are now about eight feet 

 apart each way, evenly distributed, uniform in size, beautiful 

 in shape, and thrifty in growth. On this part of the ground 

 they average ten to tliirteen inches in diameter of trunk. On 

 the lower and richer land they are practically a failure, not 

 from the richness of the soil, but from tlie excess of water. 



The White Pine is quite as promising, and thrives remarka- 

 bly even upon the wet soil. The trunks are straight and tall, 

 vieing in friendly rivalry to reach the sunlight above them, 

 and beneath excluding it Ijy the density of their shade. 



The Norway Spruce also does well, and on the low as well 

 as the higlier ground, while the Scotch (Riga) Pine comes in 

 as a fair second to these three of the first and finest growth. 

 But the Scotch is not so agreeable in company. Those gain- 

 ing the advantage crowd out the weaker plants to a greater 

 extent; the limbs show the same tendency among themselves, 

 and thus a few large side branches live longer, and ulti- 

 mately form larger knots than are fomid on the trunks of the 

 other kinds. 



The Austrian Pine is the least successful among the Coni- 

 fers, owing principally to a fungous disease affecting the 

 foliage. 



The hardy Catalpa stands at the head of the list of flat-leaved 

 kinds for quickness of growth, erect, symmetrical shape and 

 durability of wood. The other species, Catalpa bignoiiioides, 

 is too often injured by the winter to be successful. The Hard 

 or Sugar Maple grows slowly when young, but after the first ten 

 years rapidly overtakes some of the more precocious kinds. 

 Both the Maple and Catalpa thrive excellently in close asso- 

 ciation among themselves, their dense shade keeping the 

 ground beneath free from undergrowth of all kinds. This is 

 only partially true of the Black Walnut. While it is marked 

 among the thrifty and promising kinds, the trees will evidently 

 do better in mixed plantations, as usually found in nature. Its 

 shade is not very dense, but its vigorous roots will not let 

 many other trees have much chance near by. A proper 

 selection and alternation is sure to be useful in this case. 



A mistake was made in the Ash trees. White Ash {Fraxi- 

 nns Americana) was to have been planted, but the nurseryman 

 who sold the seedlings and the committee who bought them 

 were alike unable to distinguish this species in the seed-bed 

 from the Green Ash {Fraxinus viridis). The same thing often 

 happens among those whose business it is to handle trees and 

 nursery stock, but this no less makes the blunder a bad one, 

 and one that surely ought to be avoided. But the Ash trees 

 generally thrive greatly better in mixed plantations, and the 



Green Ash conspicuously so. The average diameter of the 

 trunks of those planted in a block by themselves, about eight 

 liy twelve feet apart, seventeen years old, is seven inches, 

 while some of these same trees, taken as thinnings from the 

 rows and planted elsewhere, are nearly double this size. In 

 the block the trees are also very irregular in size. The 

 smaller ones are not killed outright, but have little vitality and 

 make slow progress. Among no other kind of tree is there 

 so much undergrowth of vines, shrubs and weeds. They are 

 evidently incapable of utilizing the sunshine in any such ex- 

 clusive way as the Pines and Maples. 



In the same way the Osage Orange is a failure. A speci- 

 men left here and there in a hedge does remarkably well for 

 some years, and even thickly planted in a single row the trees 

 are fairly successful ; but they have badly disappointed many 

 in their poor growth in the plantation. Planted originally two 

 by four feet apart, they have from time to time been thinned 

 to about eight by eight feet. Now, at the end of sixteen 

 years, they averaged only five inches in diameter of base of 

 stem. Neither are the trees in good shape for timber pur- 

 poses, being crooked and scrawly in trunk and limbs. 



The White Willows reach skyward above all the other trees 

 and for summer fuel probably lead the list. It may be that 

 for special manufacturing purposes this wood will l)e worth 

 growing. The soft Maple l^Acer dasycarpum) stands next the 

 Willow in height, and makes clean, straight trunks with a 

 dense canopv of foliage above. t- t-, t> -ir 



University 'if Illinois. " -l ■ J-bumU. 



Correspondence. 



To the Editor of G.\rden and Forest : 



I have an Osband's summer Pear-tree, one-third of which 

 has been grafted into the excellent Reeder variety. In the 

 summer of 1887 the tree began to blight somewhat, and has 

 continued to do so through the summer of 1888. "As yet the 

 Reeder portion of the tree has not been affected (with the pos- 

 sible exception of one small twig). Fearing that I may lose the 

 tree, and desiring to preserve the Reeder variety, I propose 

 to graft it (the Reeder) into other trees. Will it do to take the 

 scions from the healthful Reeder portion of the blighting 

 tree ? 



Amherst ColleKe, Mass. ^- D. MOTSe. 



The Pear blight is caused by Micrococcus aniylovorus, 

 Burrill, and can be transferred from diseased Pear-trees to 

 healthy trees by natural contagion or b}^ inoculation. If 

 the Reeder portion of the tree of our co'rrespondent has 

 already one twig affected with Micrococcus, it would, of 

 course, be unwise to take grafts from the immediately ad- 

 jacent branches. It is probably safe, however, to attempt 

 grafting with the more remote twigs of the Reeder portion 

 of the tree. At any rate, if the object is to preserve the 

 Reeder variety, it is certainly better to attempt to graft 

 other trees with the apparently sound shoots of the Reeder 

 portion, than to trust to the tree already grafted, a part of 

 which, at least, is known to be diseased. It would, of 

 course, be better still to procure grafts from other localities 

 now free from the blight. It is to be hoped that our cor- 

 respondent has before this cut off and destroyed the 

 blighted branches on his tree. If' G. F. 



To the Editor of GARDEN AND Forest : 



Sir.— In the issue of your paper for October 3d, in the 

 description of Rhododendron Vaseyi under "New or Little 

 Known Plants," 1 noticed a mistake in regard to the locafions 

 in which it has been found growing. !t was stated that it was 

 "found in Cashier's Valley, South Caiolina," etc., subsequent 

 to its being discovered by Mr. Vasey, near Webster, in Jack- 

 son County, North Carolina. Cashier's Valley is in Jackson 

 County, North Carolina ; and from the best information I 

 find that R. Vaseyi has not been detected outside of this state, 

 and only in two counties — Jackson and Mitchell. It may be 

 of interest to add that R. I'aseyi has been found growing quite 

 to the top of Grandfather Mountain, at almost 6,000 feet eleva- 

 tion, and in this high location it seemed to be perfectly at 

 home, being vigorous and Hourishing. 



HisliLinds. N. C. " H. P. Kelsey. 



[By an oversight, the name of the town near which R. 

 Vaseyi was found during the present season, appeared in 

 our description as Louisville. It should have been Lin- 

 ville. — Ed. J 



