Garden and Forest. 



I Number 463. 



nearly a hundred feet. On the opposite sides of the chasm 

 the wall of rock is broken, and from the crevices are seen 

 hanging in rich profusion such Ferns as Woodsias, Poly- 

 podium and Aspidiums, far beyond the reach of human 

 hands. Here and there is some little dell, through which 

 bubbles a miniature stream, its rocky banks covered with 

 Mosses and Lichens. The largest of the falls has been named 

 the Joe Howe Falls ; it is about thirty or forty feet in 

 height. On the bluff near by, it is proposed to erect a mon- 

 ument to the distinguished Nova Scotian after whom it is 

 named ; but it is to be hoped that the projectors will change 

 their minds and either erect the monument near the en- 

 trance to the park or in the city. Any work of ornamenta- 

 tion in such a picturesque place would certainly be a blot. 

 On the plateau, 200 feet above the ravine, a carriage-road 

 extends, encircling the outer edge of the park, and num- 

 berless bypaths extend from this to points of vantage on 

 the crags overlooking waterfalls, where on a bright October 

 afternoon the visitor looks down on a scene of marvelous 

 beauty, the gorgeous tints of Maples, Viburnums and 

 Heaths darkened now by the sombre hue of evergreens, 

 now lightened by the foam of waterfalls. 



Mount Pleasant Park, at St. John, New Brunswick, situ- 

 ated near the city, has not yet been formally opened. It 

 consists of 240 acres of land, some of which has been given 

 by liberal citizens, some acquired by purchase, and some 

 will come by expropriation. During the past two years 

 the members of the Horticultural Association have en- 

 deavored in every possible way to interest citizens in the 

 park scheme by planting the squares of the city with trees 

 and flowers, and by holding exhibitions. When they have 

 secured enough land for the park and have paid for it, the 

 association proposes to hand it over to the city as a gift. 

 It is hoped that the liberality and public spirit of these citi- 

 zens will meet with a generous response on the part of the 

 city government. The park site is a broken and picturesque 

 plateau overlooking the city, intersected with ravines. A 

 lake lies at its western extremity, from the eastern end of 

 which a small stream finds its way over a succession of 

 perpendicular rocks to the meadow below — forming a 

 series of beautiful cascades about eighty feet in height. 

 The most of the park lands so far acquired consist mainly 

 of rocky hills and mounds covered with a growth of small 

 shrubs, with stunted Spruces, Firs, White Birches, Maples 

 and Cedars. The Cedars are shapely and beautiful, and if 

 carefully handled will become one of the most beautiful 

 ornaments of the park, the limestone formation being well 

 adapted for their symmetrical growth. A roadway has 

 been constructed around the lake, and it is hoped that the 

 services of a competent landscape-gardener may be secured 

 before anything more is undertaken. It would be a pity to 

 go on blindly without a completed design, and a design 

 which respects the peculiar charm of the place and which 

 preserves and enhances it. A special feature of the park 

 at this season is the native shrubbery which covers the 

 rocks, and which yields the most brilliant and varied 

 colors — stunted Vacciniums with their purple hues cover- 

 ing the rocks in every direction ; several species of Vibur- 

 num, with their white and blue fruits in pleasing contrast, 

 Kalmia angustifolia, Rhododendron Rhodora, Sedum lati- 

 folium, Pyrus nigra, and many others. 



St. John, n. B. k. U. Hay. 



Plant Notes. 



The Lilies of our Pacific Coast. 



THE Pacific coast of the United States is wonderfully 

 rich in members of the Lily family. With nearly 

 forty Calochorti, over twenty Brodieeas and thirty Alliums, 

 nine Fritillarias and ten Erythroniums, as many or more 

 Liliums, and fifty other species distributed among twenty- 

 five genera, the Liliacese of the Pacific slope include a 

 grand total of over one hundred and seventy species, in a 

 vast and comparatively unknown region, the exploration of 

 which annually adds new species or proves the existence 



of forms described by the earlier botanists and since lost 

 sight of. I doubt if there is any other region in the world 

 where the Lily family is so rich and varied. 



The number of Liliums or true Lilies on the Coast varies 

 according to the nomenclature followed. The Botany 0/ Cali- 

 fornia, published in 1880, mentions eight species and one 

 variety. Mr. Baker more correctly, as I think, distributes the 

 same material into fifteen species and varieties in his synop- 

 sis of the genus. These species can be divided into several 

 groups according to their natural affinities. Lilium Wash- 

 ingtonianum and its varieties, with the nearly related L. 

 rubescens, will form the first of these groups, and into the 

 second will naturally fall L. Columbianum, L. Humboldtii 

 and its varieties, and L. Bloomerianum, which is also 

 known as L. Humboldtii, var. ocellatum. L. Bolanderi, 

 too, shares in the solid ovoid bulb and leaf character of 

 this group, although its flowers differ in form. 



A third group, and a very large one it is, will contain the 

 western relatives of Lilium superbum, large bog Lilies 

 with rhizomatous roots and revolute flowers. These are 

 L. pardalinum, L. Roezlii and L. Warei, with the innumera- 

 ble forms of L. pardalinum, some of which, as L. Califor- 

 nicum, L. Bourgasi and L. puberulum, are often treated as 

 species. This wonderfully varied group is connected by 

 a close chain of intermediate forms, possibly crosses, with 

 the next group, which consists of the western relatives of 

 L. Canadense. In this group of small-flowered bog Lilies, 

 L. parvum is nearly as various in its forms as is L. par- 

 dalinum, butL. maritimum is, as far as my observation goes, 

 strictly monotypic. The type of L. parvum and L. mari- 

 timum have funnel-formed flowers. 



Lilium Parryii is closely related to the Pardalinum group, 

 differing only in having trumpet-shaped flowers. In growth 

 it can hardly be distinguished from L. pardalinum. 



Of these eleven species,. Lilium pardalinum is most 

 widely distributed, being scattered from central California 

 to British Columbia, and eastwardly to the shores of Lake 

 Winnipeg. L. Washingtonianum inhabits a long and nar- 

 row belt in the main Sierra Nevada range and in the Cas- 

 cades to British America. L. Parryii is found in Arizona 

 as well as in its original location in southern California, 

 and L. Columbianum is found to extend far east of the 

 Cascades in the Columbia River valley, but with these 

 exceptions these Lilies belong to the mountainous regions 

 of the Pacific Coast proper in the Sierra Nevada and Coast 

 ranges. I have already written of L. Washingtonianum and 

 its varieties (vol. ix., p. 448), and of L. rubescens (vol. ix., 

 p. 493). In an early issue I hope to write of L. Humboldtii 

 and its allies. 



Ukiah, Calif. Car/ Finely. 



Cultural Department. 



Notes on Cypripediuins. 



AT no period of the year is a good collection of Cypripediums 

 entirely tlovverless, but during the winter months when 

 the temperature of the greenhouse is congenial they flower 

 bountifully and their prolonged period of bloom gives oppor- 

 tunities for study and close acquaintance. It lias been urged 

 by some that Orchids out of flower are the reverse of orna- 

 mental, and this is true of some genera. Cypripediums, how- 

 ever, are rich in luxuriant leaf-growth, and not a few of them 

 are worthy of cultivation for this feature alone, the deep green 

 leaves being exquisitely marbled and variegated. Their grow- 

 ing popularity is attested by the fact that some of the more 

 common species, like C. insigne, furnish cut flowers by the 

 thousand for the New York market. To the amateur a little 

 house of Cypripediums will give hours of infinite pleasure in 

 winter, and hundreds of plants can be accommodated in a 

 modest structure. The original wild species from many lands 

 would of themselves furnish a rich store, but the hybrids of 

 the last decade alone have here given us additional forms and 

 colors in almost infinite variety. In fact, the hybrids are the 

 majority among Cypripediums, and there is an endless fund 

 of delight in comparing them, observing traits so plainly 

 inherited that the parentage of many plants can be absolutely 

 vouched for. 

 Cypripedium insigne is the type of quite an extensive family, 



