24 



Garden and Forest. 



I Number 465 , 



prevent its becoming a favorite. Habenaria carnea is dis- 

 tinct and pretty in color, and is easily grown. La:-lia 

 tenebrosa is the pick of the introductions among Cattleoid 

 Orchids, and L. Lucasiana also deserves mention, although 

 it has not proved a free bloomer so far. Oncidium dichro- 

 mum improves on acquaintance, but it belied its descrip- 

 tion when first it flowered. Renanthera Imschootiana is a 

 beautiful Orchid, and if only it prove a free flowerer it 

 will become one of the most popular of the East Indian 

 introductions. 



Stove Plants. — There are about a score of these to be 

 added to what we possessed previous to 1891. They are 

 Aristolochia Gigas Sturtevantii, Allamanda Williamsii, Be- 

 gonia decora, B. Rex x Socotrana, B. Gloire de Lorraine, 

 B. President Carnot and B. Rajah. These are all really 

 excellent plants which I have seen in superb condition 

 recently. Bougainvillea glabra Sanderiana is the freest- 

 flowering of all Bougainvilleas. Dracaena Godsefriana and 

 Sanderiana are valuable additions to ornamental-leaved 

 stove plants. Dermatobotrys Saundersae is a pretty winter- 

 flowering pot shrub which is certain to find many admirers. 

 It has smooth brown stems and numerous clusters of 

 tubular salmon-red flowers, produced while the plants are 

 leafless. It was introduced from east Africa to Kew a few 

 years ago. Heliconia illustris and its variety splendens 

 are brilliantly colored plants which pay for liberal treat- 

 ment and a high temperature. Impatiens auricoma makes 

 a shrub a yard high and flowers very freely when planted 

 out in a border. Nepenthes mixta is the best of the hybrid 

 Nepenthes raised by Messrs. Veitch, or, at any rate, it is 

 as good as their grand hybrid N. Mastersiana. Maranta 

 Sanderiana is a tall handsome plant with richly colored 

 purplish leaves. Ptychoraphis augusta and Thrinax Mor- 

 risii are two of the most distinct and elegant of Palms 

 introduced within the last twenty years. 



Cool-house Plants. — There are very few additions in this 

 department. The best are the two yellow Richardias, 

 Elliottiana and Pentlandii. Alberta magna is still on trial. 

 I saw a beautiful example of it in flower in the Glasgow 

 Botanic Gardens a few weeks ago. It will probably prove 

 most satisfactory when grown as a shrub in the open air 

 in places where it will be hardy. Crotolaria longirostrata 

 is a pretty winter-flowering species which is grown in pots 

 at Kew. Incarvillea Delavayi is not satisfactory as a pot- 

 plant, but I hear it is beautiful in some gardens in the open 

 air. Primula imperialis will always find friends on account 

 of its gigantic proportions and its interesting character. 

 Only three Ferns deserve mention ; they are the hybrid 

 Polypodium Schneiderianum, Pteris longifolia Mariesii and 

 Alsophila atrovirens. 



Hardy Herbaceous Plants. — There are many of these 

 recorded as new and interesting, but very few of them 

 have found favor. Calceolaria alba is a charming peren- 

 nial of special interest to the breeder. Chrysanthemum 

 Nipponicum is a hardy perennial two feet high, but as it 

 flowers at the end of the year it requires to be lifted in the 

 autumn, or it should be grown in pots along with the com- 

 mon Chrysanthemums and treated the same. It produces 

 beautiful Marguerite-like flowers three inches across. Cine- 

 raria maritima aurea variegata is a prettily variegated 

 plant, useful either for bedding or for pot cultivation. 

 Dianthus callizonus is a charming little species with large 

 flowers and is a perfect rockery plant. Hemerocallis 

 aurantiaca major is the largest and best of the day Lilies. 

 Iris Sari, Lilium chloraster, L. leucanthum and L. Lowii and 

 Kniphofia Nelsoni are worthy border plants. Nemesia 

 strumosa is better when grown in pots in a frame than as 

 an open-air annual. Marliac'snew hybrid Nymphseas are 

 only prevented from becoming as common as our white 

 Nympha^as by their slowness of increase and consequent 

 high cost. Physalis Franchetii is as easily grown and 

 fruits as freely as P. Alkekengi, its fruits being three times 

 as large. Senecio saggitifolius will find favor where it can 

 be grown permanently out-of-doors. Tulipa Billietiana is 

 a handsome and distinct addition to the Tulips of the Ges- 



neriana class. I have omitted Calochorti only because the' 

 difficulty experienced in their cultivation here has so far 

 proved a barrier to their becoming popular. 



Trees and Shrubs. — Very few good things are recorded 

 among these, but what there are stand out prominently. 

 We have nothing better in the garden than Spiraea Bumalda 

 Anthony Waterer, and no more beautiful white-flowered 

 small shrub than the hybrid Deutzia Lemoinei. Betula Maxi- 

 mowiczii, for which we are indebted to Professor Sargent r 

 who introduced it from Japan, is a distinct and striking 

 addition to the Birches. Vitis Coignetiae is now in every 

 good garden. T „ „_ 



& London. W. WatSOTl. 



New or Little-known Plants. 



Pseudotsuga macrocarpa. 



THIS tree is, perhaps, the most characteristic feature of 

 the scanty forests which clothe the western and 

 southern slopes of the mountains which, extending in the 

 arc of a circle from Ventura County, California, to the 

 southern borders of the state and forming nearly a con- 

 tinuous range, are known as the Saint Emilio, the Sierra 

 Pelona, the Sierra Madre, the San Gabriel, the San Berna- 

 dino, the San Jacinto and the Cuamaca Mountains. The 

 rainfall on these mountains is small and unequally dis- 

 tributed through the year ; and the forests below elevations 

 of five thousand feet are poor and scanty, and are composed 

 of Junipers, Pinus attenuata, Pinus Coulteri, occasion- 

 ally descending from the higher altitudes, where it is more 

 at home, Pinus ponderosa, Quercus Wislizeni, Quercus 

 chrysolepis and the large-coned Pseudotsuga, which, 

 so far as is now known, is confined to these mountains. 

 It is common here above the banks of streams and on the 

 steep slopes of narrow ravines between three thousand and 

 five thousand feet elevation, and is able occasionally to 

 maintain a foothold on the drier ridges above, although it 

 does not form continuous groves unless aided by the 

 moisture held in depressions in the mountain-sides, which 

 become torrents at certain seasons of the year. In such 

 favorable positions the large-coned Pseudotsuga occa- 

 sionally attains the height of eighty feet, with a stout trunk 

 sometimes three or four feet in diameter, although trees of 

 this size are exceptional, and this species rarely grows to a 

 greater height than forty or fifty feet. It is a distinct tree, 

 with long, somewhat pendulous and remarkably remote 

 branches which form a broad, open, pyramidal head, 

 foliage of a peculiar blue-gray color, and cones six or eight 

 inches in length. The illustration on page 25 of this issue, 

 made from a photograph taken in winter of a part of the 

 outer wall of the Sierra Madre Range, now in the San 

 Gabriel Reservation, shows the habit of this tree and the 

 manner in which it spreads up the sides of ravines. For 

 the opportunity to use this photograph we are indebted to 

 the courtesy of Mr. Abbot Kinney, of Los Angeles, Cali- 

 fornia, who has sent us an interesting collection of views 

 taken in the reservation. 



Pseudotsuga macrocarpa, discovered in 1858 on the 

 mountains near the San Felipe by Lieutenant Ives's Explor- 

 ing Expedition, was first described by Dr. Torrey in i860 in 

 Ives's " Report on the Colorado River in the West" as Abies 

 Douglasii, var. macrocarpa. It has usually been con- 

 sidered a variety of the Douglas Spruce, but Mr. Lemmon has 

 considered it specifically distinct, and his opinion appears 

 to be well taken. From the Douglas Spruce it differs in its 

 proportionately longer and more remote branches, in its 

 shorter and stouter winter-buds, and in its shorter blue- 

 gray, somewhat twisted and sharply pointed leaves, those 

 of the Douglas Spruce being obtuse. The cones are from six 

 to eight inches long, or fully twice as long as the largest 

 cones of the other species, but the bracts are proportion- 

 ately shorter. These characters are constant, and I have 

 not been able to find a tree which appears intermediate in 

 character between the two species, which, so far as I know, 

 do not sjrow together on the same mountain ranges. 



