March 



1897. 



Garden and Forest. 



81 



GARDEN AND FOREST. 



PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY 



THE GARDEN AND FOREST PUBLISHING CO. 



Office: Tribune Building, New York. 



Conducted by Professor C. S. Sargent. 



ENTERED AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER AT THE POST-OFFICE AT NEW YORK, N. V. 



NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 3, 1897. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 



Editorial Articles : — The New Forest Reserves Si 



Forest Fires on the National Domain 83 



The Chemise World.— II Carl Purdy. 83 



The Arrangement of Flowers. — I Dorothy Root. 83 



Foreign Correspondence: — London Letter IV. Watson. 84 



New ok Litti.e-known Plants: — Pyrus occidentalis. (With figure.).... C, S. S. 86 



Cultural Department: — Daffodils for Pot Culture A. Herrington. 86 



Nsegelia cinabarina IV. Tricker. 87 



Greenhouse Work IV. H. Taplin. 87 



Correspondence : — The Forests of Pennsylvania Charles A. Keffer. 88 



The Keeping Qualities of Fruits IV. H. Beekwith. SS 



College Instruction in Horticulture Professor F. A. Waugh. 89 



Recent Publications 89 



Notes 90 



Illustration : — Pyrus occidentalis, Fig. 11 S5 



The New Forest Reserves. 



WE announced in our last week's issue that President 

 Cleveland had signalized the close of his adminis- 

 tration by taking an important step toward solving the 

 difficulties of forest preservation on the public domain of 

 the United States. On the 2 2d of February he added 

 thirteen new reserves to those already established, so that, 

 exclusive of the national parks, the forest reservations 

 in our western states and territories, taken together, will 

 now cover an area sixty miles wide and more than one 

 thousand miles in length. To the general summary we 

 have already published regarding the location of these 

 priceless tracts, we now add a more detailed descrip- 

 tion of each reserve. 



The Black Hills reserve has an estimated area of 967,680 

 acres. The mountains are here covered with forests of 

 Yellow Pine, and in the valleys between them Spruces and 

 Cottonwoods principally occupy the ground. Special 

 value is attached to these forests, as they contain the only 

 timber which is produced in the territory between Minne- 

 sota on the east and the Big Horn Mountains of Wyoming 

 and the Rocky Mountains on the west. They supply the 

 material for a number of important mines and afford the 

 only local timber and fuel supply for the settlers residing 

 in the valleys of streams flowing from these mountains. 

 The whole Black Hill region has suffered seriously from 

 fire and the illegal cutting of timber, and for years the 

 mines in this region have been practically supplied with 

 timber and fuel taken without authority from the public 

 domain. 



The Big Horn reserve has an estimated area of 1,198,080 

 acres, and embraces both slopes of this high, isolated and 

 exceedingly broken range of mountains, which contains a 

 number of peaks varying from 9,000 to 11,000 feet in alti- 

 tude, and the sources of many streams needed for irrigation. 

 The forests here are composed of Pines and Spruces of 

 small size; they contain, however, material to supply the 

 local demands of agriculture and mining, although timber 

 probably will never be shipped from them. They are most 

 valuable in the protection they afford the sources of streams 

 capable of irrigating a large territory which, without irriga- 

 tion, can produce only scant and uncertain pasturage. 



These Big Horn forests have already suffered severely 

 from fire, and unless they can be protected the irrigating 

 capacity of the Big Horn streams and the value of many 

 of the valleys of central Wyoming for agriculture will be 

 destroyed. 



The Teton Forest Reserve embraces 929,448 acres, and is 

 south of and adjacent to the Yellowstone Park Timber- 

 land Reserve. The forests which cover it are similar in 

 character to those in the Yellowstone National Park, and, 

 although they have no great commercial value, are capable 

 of supplying any local demands that will probably ever be 

 made on them. This reserve contains the Teton range of 

 mountains, Jackson Lake and some of the grandest and 

 most picturesque scenery of the Rocky Mountains. Many 

 streams flow from this reserve, and as a reservoir of 

 moisture it is of great value. Here, too, is a favorite home 

 of the elk and other large game, and as a game preserve it 

 will well supplement the Yellowstone National Park and 

 the Yellowstone Park Timber-land Reserve previously 

 established. 



Two reserves are made in northern Montana ; the first, 

 the Flat Head Reserve, embraces both slopes of the main 

 Rocky Mountain range or continental divide, and extends 

 from a point near the line of the Great Northern Railroad 

 northward to the international boundary. It has an estimated 

 area of 1,382,400 acres, and contains within its boundaries 

 several high glacier-covered peaks, numerous lakes, the 

 sources of important streams, and, perhaps, the most 

 sublime mountain scenery in the United States. That part 

 of this reserve which lies east of the continental divide 

 holds the sources of many tributaries of the Missouri and 

 of the Saskatchewan, dependent entirely for their water on 

 the snow which falls on these mountains, and is protected 

 by their forests of Pine and Spruce. In this reserve west 

 of the continental divide are the great north fork of Flat 

 Head River and many smaller tributaries of that stream. 

 The forests here, under the influence of a more humid 

 climate, are heavier than those on the eastern slopes 

 of the continental divide, and are composed of Spruces, 

 Firs, Tamaracks, Cedars and Cottonwoods, which often 

 grow to a large size, and which in time can be made 

 valuable in the development of Montana and its indus- 

 tries. 



The second reserve in northern Montana extends south- 

 ward from the line of the Great Northern Railroad nearly 

 to the forty-seventh degree of north latitude, and has 

 an estimated area of 2,926,080 acres. It embraces an ex- 

 ceedingly rough mountainous territory watered east of the 

 continental divide by the north fork of Sun River and west 

 of the divide by the south fork of the Flat Head River and 

 by Swan River, a large tributary of Flat Head Lake. The 

 forests in their general features and value resemble those 

 in the Flat Head Reserve. It contains no agricultural 

 or grazing land and no evidence of valuable mineral 

 deposits, and no entries of land have been made within 

 its borders. The forests on this reserve are valuable east 

 of the continental divide for protecting the supply of water 

 in certain important tributaries of the Missouri ; west of 

 the continental divide for the great stores of timber which 

 they contain. 



The Priest River Reserve occupies the basin of Priest 

 Lake and Priest River, in the extreme northern part of 

 Idaho and north-eastern Washington, and extends from a 

 point a few miles north of the Great Northern Railroad to 

 the international boundary, covering the basins of all the 

 streams flowing into Priest Lake and Priest River. It has 

 an estimated area of 645, 120 acres, and is clothed with what 

 is believed to be the most valuable body of timber in the 

 interior of the continent. This is largely composed of the 

 western White Pine, Pinus monticola, which grows here to 

 its largest size and greatest perfection, Tamarack, Cedar 

 and Spruce, all of large size. This reserve has been made 

 in order that this body of timber may be preserved until it 

 is actually needed by the country and that the Government 

 may obtain from it its true market value. 



