13° 



Garden and Forest 



[Number 475. 



pages, it is enough to say that the mycelium having once 

 gained entrance to a plant may live there for a long time and 

 be transmitted with the cuttings. Cuttings should therefore 

 be taken from plants known to be free from disease, and it is 

 not safe to take them from absolutely healthy plants in the 

 neighborhood of diseased ones. They ought to be obtained 

 from localities where the disease is not present. The best 

 remedy is the removal of the entire plant as soon as the 

 disease begins to be manifest. It should then be burned, be- 

 cause the spores and conidia maybe produced on dead plants, 

 and the trouble in this way communicated to the living bushes. 



Adonis vernalis is well known as a hardy plant both for the gar- 

 den border and for rock-work, and if left without frequent trans- 

 planting often it soon becomes established and its large yellow 

 corolla, seen above the deeply cut leaves, makes a beautiful 

 show in early spring. The Gardeners' Magazine gives an 

 illustration of anotherspeciesof this genus, Adonis Amurensis, 

 which certainly looks as if it would be a worthy companion 

 of the better-known plant. The picture was taken from a 

 specimen in the rock-garden at Kew, where the plant occupies 

 a shaded nook and was blooming at its best about the middle 

 of February. Mr. Watson spoke of it about a year ago in this 

 journal as flowering for the first time in Europe although it 

 lias long been known in the east, and no less than twenty-one 

 colored figures, representing distinct garden varieties of it, are 

 published in one Japanese work. There are double and single 

 flowered varieties, some yellow, others orange, others bright 

 red. As they would probably be hardy in this country they 

 might make useful additions to our early-flowering herbaceous 

 plants. This species was discovered in the Amur Provinces 

 of Russia, and it has also been found in the north of Nippon. 



The Rural New- Yorker, in reply to the inquiry whether 

 Strawberries should be cultivated in the spring before they 

 fruit, received answers which show that practice in this regard 

 varies widely among experts. Some growers say that one 

 acre when cultivated in the spring will yield as much as two 

 neglected ones, while others feel that it is the wisest practice 

 to leave the mulch between the rows and never touch the 

 ground with the hoe until after the fruit has been gathered. 

 The facts seem to be that during the spring and summer after 

 the plants have been transplanted the roots grow downward 

 to get away from the heated surface to find water. When cool 

 autumn weather comes, fine feeding roots take possession of 

 the surface of the soil and these are the ones upon which the 

 spring growth of the plant depends and which mature the 

 fruit. Of course, hoeing the ground in the spring will kill 

 these roots and reduce the fruiting power of the plants. But 

 after the fruiting season the old roots are useless and the plant 

 begins to send out new ones which again reach downward, 

 and this is the time for cultivating on the surface. In the cool of 

 autumn a second crop of roots takes possession of the surface 

 soil, and if the mulch is left on the ground the next spring 

 these will be the most valuable working roots. Perhaps the 

 men who succeed with spring cultivation are those who keep 

 up rather deep cultivation late in the fall which compels the 

 roots to run deep. In this case the hoe in the spring will find 

 no roots to injure and cultivation does good. Of course, noth- 

 ing but the surface is hoed, and after the hoeing is done a 

 mulch is laid over the surface and new roots will quickly run 

 through this upper layer to provide food for the growing 

 crop. 



Among specialties in the fruit-stores this week is guava- 

 paste from Venezuela, a dry marmalade of agreeable flavor 

 with appetizing qualities, and easily kept and handled, as it 

 comes in square bars wrapped in paper. Packages of one 

 pound cost twenty-five cents, and five pounds are offered for 

 seventy-five cents. Sapodillos, in edible condition, cost sixty cents 

 a dozen. The first mangoes of the season have arrived in a 

 private consignment from the West Indies, and this fruit will 

 soon be regularly in the trade. Large irregular-shaped yams 

 bring twenty-five cents for three pounds. Preserved bananas, 

 a novelty in this market, are seen in a down-town fruit-store. 

 They are entire, peeled, with the flavor of the fresh fruit, brown 

 in color, somewhat toughened in evaporation, and are packed 

 in layers in boxes, to be eaten out of hand. They cost twenty 

 cents a pound. Florida Navel oranges of large size sell for 

 fifty to seventy-five cents a dozen, and the kind known as Jaffa 

 Seedless, with only occasional seeds, and also from Florida, 

 bring an equal price. Grape-fruit from the same state commands 

 $5.00 a dozen, or fifty cents apiece for large selected speci- 

 mens. The quantity of Blood oranges seen this season 

 is uncommonly large ; this showy fruit comes from Messina 

 and from California. That from the western coast costs fifty 



to sixty cents a dozen for the best, or a third more than the 

 Italian fruit ; it is more highly colored than that from Europe, 

 has a more pronounced flavor, and is somewhat more acid 

 than the seedling oranges from California. Almeria grapes, 

 carried over in refrigerators, sell at thirty to fifty cents, and 

 foreign hot-house grapes for $2.50 and $3.00 a pound with the 

 end of the season in view, though hot-house grapes from 

 Rhode Island will quickly follow the imported ones. California 

 honey, at fifty cents for a quart jar, black currant jam and 

 jelly and three-pound jars of preserved cherries, pineapples 

 and peaches, carefully prepared by private establishments in 

 this city, are among the wholesome delicacies seen in the stock 

 of fruiterers. 



Charles Eliot, of the firm of Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot, died 

 suddenly at his home in Brookline, Massachusetts, on Thurs- 

 day, the 25th of March, in the thirty-eighth year of his age. 

 He was the son of President Eliot, of Harvard University, from 

 which he graduated in 1882, taking afterward a special hor- 

 ticultural course in the Bussey Institute to prepare himself for 

 the profession of landscape-gardening. After traveling in 

 Europe and studying the best examples of landscape-art in 

 Great Britain and on the Continent he entered the office of 

 Frederick Law Olmsted, with whose love of nature and artistic 

 ideas he was in such full sympathy that he was soon entrusted 

 with the design of works of considerable importance. At the 

 conclusion of his studies he established himself in practice 

 in Boston, where he achieved the success which a self- 

 reliant, though unobtrusive, young man of original faculty and 

 careful training had reason to expect. His greatest public ser- 

 vice, however, at this period was the organization of the Board 

 of Trustees for the -preservation of beautiful and historic 

 places in Massachusetts. If Mr. Eliot did not originate this 

 idea, he was, at least, the most active p/omoter of the scheme 

 which is bearing good fruit not only in Massachusetts, but has 

 been adopted in other states, and promises to save from dese- 

 cration and defacement many spots in different parts of the 

 country which deserve protection for their beauty or patriotic 

 association. Out of this idea grew the plan to save the natural 

 charms of certain well-known places about Boston and unite 

 them into a consistent system of public recreation-grounds, and 

 Mr. Eliot took the lead in organizing the Metropolitan Park 

 Board, of which he was made the landscape-architect. These 

 magnificent pleasure-grounds and parkways, comprising 

 thousands of acres of wooded hills and meadow-land, 

 river stretches and sea views, were largely selected by him, 

 and as they will be developed according to the plans he 

 has outlined, they will make a monument on which an 

 older artist might be content to rest his fame. Four 

 years ago he became a member of the firm where he had re- 

 ceived his training, and in a great variety of work he has 

 proved himself one of the most accomplished of designers. 

 He had an intense appreciation of nature, but he always kept 

 up his student habits, examining the outdoor world critically, and 

 reasoning upon what he saw to establish principles which could 

 be applied in practice. He realized the relative importance of 

 natural landscape and of architectural work ; he planned with a 

 broad spirit so that he could adapt his rules to buildings and gar- 

 dens without any danger of over-elaboration on the one side or 

 an affectation of naturalness on the other. He liked system, 

 symmetry and dignity where artificial construction was needed, 

 but no one appreciated better than he what was picturesque 

 in nature, or had a greater reverence for her broad scenic 

 aspects. Mr. Eliot was not only a man of creative faculty, he 

 was, as the readers of this journal know, able to give reasons 

 for the faith that was in him, He had the ability to make a 

 consistent and logical statement of his views and to express 

 them clearly ; but, beyond this, he had the gift of expression 

 in a singularly effective style, so that some of his reports 

 are as useful as his designs. The Metropolitan Park Report 

 of 1893, and others which have followed, together with his 

 writings for the press, embody such an amount of sound doc- 

 trine, effectively stated, that one regrets that he has not left 

 more of this kind of work behind him. In short, he was well 

 equipped in every direction, and it is no exaggeration to say that 

 his untimely death is an almost irreparable loss to rural art in 

 America, a loss that will be felt more keenly since it follows 

 so closely after that of Calvert Vaux, Henry Sargent Codman 

 and Philip Codman. 



Mr. Eliot was a man of the most delicate and refined 

 nature. He was reserved as scholars are, but his eleva- 

 tion of mind and dignity of character were apparent to all, and 

 he had a gentleness of manner and thorough consideration for 

 the feelings of others which won the affectionate regard of all 

 who were familiarly associated with him. 



