146 



Garden and Forest. 



[Number 477. 



to the forms in which Lilium pardalinum borders on other 

 species. L. pardalinum, var. minor, is the connecting link 

 with L. parvum, and being more nearly related to L. par- 

 vum I will treat it with that species. 



In Lilium Wareii, as figured and described, we have a 

 species which bears every indication of being the connect- 

 ing link between L. pardalinum and L. Parryii. It is a 

 clear yellow Lily, revolute as in L. pardalinum, fragrant 

 as in L. Parryii. It has a rhizome which clumps up as in 

 L pardalinum, and comes from a region where L. Parryii 

 is the common bog Lily. I think it not unlikely that it is 

 a natural hybrid. 



Lilium pardalinum and L. maritimum can be hybridized 

 readily artificially, but, although in some spots the two 

 grow together, I have never seen anything suggestive of 

 natural hybridization. 



Lilium Humboldtii and L. pardalinum grow in the same 

 belt of the Sierra Nevada for hundreds of miles, and 

 although L. Humboldtii is a Lily of the hillsides, and L. 

 pardalinum of the meadows and stream-banks, they are 

 frequently found close together. I have found but one Lily 

 which even suggested a hybrid. That was in the Bear 

 Valley, mentioned by Dr. Bolander, where a meadow of 

 hundreds of acres was once full of a form of L. pardalinum. 

 This is a grand form of the Lily, very heavy and strong, 

 with flowers in which the scarlet scarcely shows at all. My 

 first thought on seeing them was one of wonder that L. 

 Humboldtii should grow in such a place. 



Lilium Roezlii was first described by Regel. Mr. Baker 

 gives as its locality " Rocky Mountains in Utah, introduced 

 by Roezl into European gardens," also in Santa Cruz 

 Mountains, California. It gradually disappeared from 

 sight in Europe, and its very name became a synonym 

 or was appropriated for a form of L. pardalinum. Two 

 years ago a collector in southern Oregon wrote me asking 

 if I wished L. Parryii, and the fresh flowers he sent proved 

 to be a Lily plainly identical with the original L. Roezlii. 

 It flowered freely with me last year, and I find it quite dis- 

 tinct. The bulb is close to L. pardalinum, but with little 

 tendency to form clumps. The stem and leaves are pale, 

 much as in some varieties of L. pardalinum. The flowers 

 are colored exactly as in L. Humboldtii, but are more 

 revolute, and the capsule is like that of the latter or L. 

 Columbianum, and very unlike L. pardalinum. It grows 

 beyond the range of L. Humboldtii, but both L. pardalinum 

 and L. Columbianum grow in the same region, and it is a 

 good medium between the two. 



Lilium pardalinum is easily cultivated. The idea that it 

 is a bog Lily has, perhaps, kept many from trying it. As 

 a matter of fact, it is as easily grown in any good garden 

 loam as potatoes. It does not like a soil that is sour and 

 heavy, nor a very light sandy soil, but any fair loam, either 

 sandy or clayey, suits it, and it will stand some manure. 

 As to moisture it is not particular. I have often seen it in 

 ground which becomes quite dry in midsummer. The ideal 

 situation for it is in deep, loamy, well-drained soil close to 

 running water, where its roots can extend down to moist- 

 ure. It is a Lily to which every flower-lover should give 

 a trial, and in eight cases out of ten it will be a success. 



Ukiah, Calif. Carl Purdy. 



Cultural Department. 



Southern Californian Ferns. 



'THE Ferns of southern California are especially noted for 

 ■*■ their beauty and grace. The California Gold Fern, Gym- 

 nogramme triangularis, is probably the most widely and favor- 

 ably known species in cultivation, while the Silverback, or 

 Bronze Fern, as it is sometimes called when old, is a close 

 second in point of popularity. These are both easily grown, 

 at least more easily than some other of our species, which is 

 the main reason for their greater favor with amateurs. 



Adiantum emarginatum is a special favorite of mine. It 

 lacks, perhaps, the grace of A. Capillus-Veneris, or the Maiden- 

 hair Fern of the eastern states (which also occurs in Califor- 

 nia]' but possesses richer coloring and beauty of habit 



peculiar to itself. It grows in dry situations with the Gold and 

 Silver Ferns, while the Maiden-hair Fern with us is restricted to 

 perennially moist banks or cafions. 



The Cheilanthes and Notholaenas area distinctive group of 

 Ferns, adapted to a dry climate and able to stand long periods 

 of drought. California and Mexico are both rich in species 

 belonging to these genera — species that captivate the eye of 

 the tourist, but, alas, are seldom responsive to the culture 

 given them by the amateur. Yet they may be induced to grow 

 and flourish by a skillful hand even years after they have been 

 dried and placed in the herbarium. 



The Lace Fern, Cheilanthes Californica, is one of the best 

 known of southern California species, and perhaps the easiest 

 of successful cultivation. The Cotton Fern, Notholsena New- 

 berryi, is scarcely less favorably known to the tourist, and is 

 most frequent in the composite productions with which he 

 returns laden to the east. Cards with elaborately produced 

 pictures, made from dissected Mosses and Ferns, are as familiar 

 souvenirs of the west as the feather pictures brought away by 

 the Mexican tourist. 



Clieilanthes Clevelandi, a Lip Fern of more local distribu- 

 tion, is rarely seen in cultivation, and seldom enters into Cali- 

 fornia Fern work, except from San Diego. Outside of San 

 Diego its place is occupied by Fendler's Lip Fern, Cheilanthes 

 myriophylla. It grows at a higher elevation in the mountains, 

 but is scarcely more susceptible to cultivation. 



On the confines of the inhospitable Colorado Desert, in 

 canons dry throughout a large part of the year, where the scant 

 vegetation is subjected to intense heat, often about 140 degrees, 

 Fahrenheit, we find Dr. Parry's Cloak Fern, Notholasna Parryi, 

 Cheilanthes viscida and other Ferns, including what I believe 

 is now properly called Notholasna cretacea (referred to in most 

 works as N. Candida). They are all small-growing species, the 

 Clieilanthes seldom over six inches high, and the others with 

 fronds only two to four inches long, as a rule. 



The Chain Fern of our mountains, Woodwardia radicans, 

 forms a striking contrast with its immense fronds, sometimes 

 measuring ten feet in height, deep in the shade of some ravine 

 with a perennial stream of water beneath its almost tropical 

 luxuriance. 



Pteris aquilina and Adiantum pedatum (the latter rare) are 

 two Ferns which are equally at home in the mountains of Cali- 

 fornia and of New England, and with the local variety incisum 

 of Asplenium Trichomanes, our Feather Fern, are the princi- 

 pal species of our Fern flora not closely restricted in distri- 

 bution. 



Aspidium munitum, Polypodium Californicum and several 

 species of Pelasa are peculiar to west America, the latter 

 known as Tea, Wire and Cliff Brakes, locally. 



Ophioglossum nudicaule is a dwarfish Adder's-tongue Fern, 

 first found by Dr. C. C. Parry in southern California in 1850, 

 and then lost sight of until 1884, when he was the first to redis- 

 cover it on our mesas in early spring. 



Woodsia Mexicana is a rare Fern which I have occasionally 

 found in the mountains of Baja California, near our boundary. 

 We have a few other species, of interest to a botanist, but, I 

 believe, entirely unknown in cultivation and not worthy of 

 special mention. 



San Diego, Calif. C. R. OrClltt. 



Ouvirandra fenestralis. 



IN the Royal Botanic Gardens at Edinburgh this singular 

 aquatic, commonly known as the Lattice, or Lace Plant, has 

 been very successfully grown for the last twenty-five years. 

 It was started by the late James McNab, who had a happy 

 knack of hitting the right treatment for many newly intro- 

 duced plants. Since its introduction many specimens have 

 measured over four feet in diameter ; the plants flower annu- 

 ally, the seeds ripen and float on the surface of the water where 

 they germinate in a few days after ripening. Seedlings are, 

 however, hardly worth bothering with when old plants are 

 available for the purposes of propagation, as they take too 

 long to make fair-sized specimens. The plants at Edinburgh are 

 grown in shallow oak tubs, about five feet in width ; they are 

 placed on a row of hot-water pipes in one of the warmer 

 houses where the temperature of the water seldom falls below 

 sixty-five degrees, Fahrenheit, and ranges from that figure to 

 eighty degrees. The surface water is agitated about three times 

 a week by adding a little water with the hand-syringe. Care is 

 taken to keep the plants shaded from the sun, and when any 

 confervoid growth appears on the leaves the light is excluded 

 for a day or two at a time by means of a tarpaulin drawn 

 over the tops of the tubs. 



By imitating those conditions we have been enabled to grow 

 the Ouvirandra into quite large specimens in the gardens here ; 



