Q 44 



o 



Garden and Forest. 



[Number 340. 



nate anthers. Here we treat it as a cold-greenhouse or 

 frame bulb, and it does badly. I now learn from a friend 

 in Hong Kong that it grows well and flowers freely in the 

 gardens there, resting through the hot season in spite of 

 excessive moisture, and pushing into growth and flower in 

 winter. He sends bulbs of it as large as Emperor Daffo- 

 dils, and recommends me to grow them in the stove. 



Lilium Bkowni, var. leucanthum. — This is a new and dis- 

 tinct Lily which was introduced from Yun-nan to Kew 

 along with L. Henryi and another variety of L. Browni 

 named chloraster by Mr. Baker. The type is well known 

 in gardens, and is one of the handsomest of the longi- 

 florum section of the genus. The variety chloraster differs 

 mainly from it in having the segments colored green along 

 the midrib inside ; in other respects it is L. Browni, but a 

 stronger grower, the stems being five feet high, and it does 

 well under ordinary treatment. The new variety differs 

 from all the forms of L. Browni in its short broadly lanceo- 

 late leaves, the width of its segments, their scarcely re- 

 flexed apex, the wide, almost campanulate form of the 

 corolla, and in being milk-white outside and sulphur-yel- 

 low inside. The anthers are only one-third of an inch 

 long. I consider this one of the best of the eastern Lilies. 

 At present it is known only at Kew. 



Liliums from Seeds. — Many species of Lilium are short- 

 lived under cultivation, whatever may be their behavior 

 in a wild state. To keep up the supply I would recom- 

 mend all Lily-fanciers to look after the seeds and to sow 

 some every year of those species which flower well for a 

 year or two and then fail. The process is simple enough, 

 all that is necessary being to insure the setting of a few 

 fruits on the healthiest plants and to sow the seeds as soon 

 as they are ripe in a pan or box of sandy soil, which should 

 be placed in a frame. When the seedlings have made one 

 leaf, prick them out in a cold frame or bed, and transplant 

 annually, but do not let the bulbs get dry. In this way we 

 have secured large stocks of such Liliums as L. Henryi, L. 

 Formosanum, L. sulphureum, L. Nepalense, L. superbum 

 and others. ... ... , 



London. W. WalSOIl. 



Entomological. 



The San Jose Scale. 



EARLY in 1894 the United States Department of Agri- 

 culture issued a special bulletin announcing the 

 appearance of this pest in the eastern United States, and 

 suggesting that New Jersey nurseries were to some extent 

 responsible for its dissemination. A very complete study 

 of affairs in New Jersey proves that this charge is, in part 

 at least, well founded, and that, unfortunately, a large 

 number of fruit-trees infested by the scale have been 

 distributed. 



It is matter for profound regret that this has happened, 

 and it emphasizes a source of danger that is too little con- 

 sidered — that is, the nursery as a factor in the distribution 

 of injurious insects and plant-diseases. 



However, it is not to the nurseries, but to another source 

 of danger, that I now wish to call attention. California 

 fruit is coming into market in immense quantities and of 

 very attractive appearance, and many of the pears are 

 infested by this San Jose or Pernicious Scale, Aspidiotus 

 perniciosus. The accompanying figure, drawn from 

 nature for the United States Department of Agriculture, 

 illustrates an infested fruit. It is rare that an example 

 quite so badly infested is found on the stands, but many 

 are not much better, and a very large proportion show a 

 small number. I have been through the markets of Phila- 

 delphia, New York and Brooklyn, and through the main 

 streets on which fruit-stands are most abundant and have 

 found infested pears everywhere. 



On August 15th, at the meeting of the Association of 

 Economic Entomologists, this insect was discussed, and, 

 to show this point, I purchased six pears from the nearest 

 fruit- stand, and all of them were infested by the scale. 



They were passed around, and it was found that both male 

 and female scales occurred on the fruit ; that many of the 

 females were full grown, and that in two cases the little 

 yellow larvae were crawling on the surface of the fruit. 

 Here we have exactly the conditions which favor introduc- 

 tion of this insect, for, if the pear be peeled and the skin 

 thrown anywhere near a fruit-tree of any kind, there is 

 nothing to prevent the establishment of a colony. Cali- 

 fornia fruit is sold on all trains, or often purchased at sta- 

 tions, and parings are thrown out of the window. While 

 in most cases the scales perish, yet, as they are enabled to 

 subsist on the Blackberry, the Raspberry, the Rose and 

 other plants of this botanical family, there is a very serious 

 margin of danger from infested fruit. I do not wish to ex- 

 aggerate this danger, and the general public will not be 

 inclined to listen to or heed warnings ; but no one with a 

 garden in which he grows fruit or berries should bring into 

 it any California fruit, especially pears, unless assured from 

 careful examination that no scales are present on it. The 

 scales are easily recognizable as small, round, gray spots, 

 surrounded by a bright red discoloration of the fruit. 



CL 



Fig. 55. — San Jose Scale. 

 a. Pear, moderately infested — natural size. b. Female scale— enlarged. 



No danger is to be apprehended from eating the pear 

 unpeeled and swallowing scales or insects. This is, in- 

 deed, a safe way of overcoming any danger of spreading 

 the pest. 



Rutgers College. 



John B. Smith. 



New or Little-known Plants. 



Spiraea longigemma. 



THIS species, which in habit and arrangement of the 

 flowers, resembles in a general way some forms of 

 Spiraea Japonica, differs from all the species of the genus 

 now known in its elongated lanceolate acute leaf-buds. In 

 cultivation it is a shrub three or four feet high, with slen- 

 der terete bright red-brown branchlets, marked with numer- 

 ous minute lenticels, and glabrous buds of the same color, 

 and often a quarter of an inch long. The leaves are oblong- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely and doubly serrate, with 

 sharp gland-tipped teeth, penni veined with about four pairs 

 of remote primary veins connected by coarse reticulate 

 veinlets, membranaceous, light yellow-green and pilose on 

 the upper surface, pale blue green on the lower surface,an inch 

 and a half to two inches long and half an inch broad, and 



