'November 7, 1894.] 



Garden and Forest. 



449 



any salt-water treatment will cure this disease. The fruit yield 

 in this region was due rather to good cultivation of the orchards 

 and to their proximity to water, which prevented the destruc- 

 tion of fruit-buds during the cold weather. 



Experiment Station, Newark, Del. M. H. Beckwitll. 



The Pernicious Scale on Long Island. 



To the Editor of Garden and Forest : 



Sir, — The San Jose 5 scale was observed first in the market at 

 Jamaica on some Bartlett pears said to have been grown on 

 the island. The scale was also conspicuous on some fancy 

 varieties of pears exhibited at the Queens County Fair, and by 

 tracing this fruit to its source some of the infected nurseries 

 were located. We have found the scale on Pear, Apple, 

 Peach and Quince stock in several nurseries. Some of the 

 nurserymen think they have had this same scale on their 

 young trees for the past twenty years, but the indications are 

 that it has been introduced within the past two or three years. 

 Some of the large nurseries of the state are undoubtedly cen- 

 tres of infection. 



Nurserymen here evidently do not realize that this is a 

 serious pest. They are used to seeing on their stock the 

 native scale insects, which cause no marked injury. They 

 apparently do not realize that large sums of money have been 

 expended in efforts to exterminate this pest in California, and 

 that it will be a more dangerous enemy here than the Colo- 

 rado potato-beetle unless prompt efforts are made to suppress 

 it. True, we probably have a better chance to fight the pest 

 here during the winter than nurserymen have in California, 

 but it will require an organized and very strenuous effort to 

 overcome it. 



This scale is now found in Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey 

 and New York ; in fact, in the very centre of the nurseries of 

 the Atlantic coast. Nurserymen should make it a rule among 

 themselves to put all stock through a vat of kerosene emulsion. 



Every fruit-grower or nurseryman who discovers scale 

 insects of any kind on his trees should send samples without 

 delay to the nearest trustworthy entomologist. 

 Jamaica, L. 1. F. A. Sirri?ie. 



[Mr. Sirrine, together with Mr. V. H. Lowe, is now 

 studying insect pests on Long Island under the direction 

 of the New York Experiment Station. — Ed.] 



Exhibitions. 



Chrysanthemums at Short Hills, New Jersey. 



JUDGIjNG from the crowds of people seen at Short Hills 

 Saturday, the interest in Chrysanthemums is not waning. 

 The fall show at the United States Nurseries has evidently 

 become a fixed festival much appreciated by flower fanciers, 

 who visit the exhibitions in constantly increasing numbers, 

 and incidentally add to the vivacity and interest of the floral 

 display. 



As usual, the Chrysanthemums this year are massed in the 

 two upper houses ot the main block, the upper house being 

 devoted to specimen plants in pots, and the lower one being 

 filled with those planted out. In this house the centre is now 

 occupied with a wide bench in which the plants have been 

 grown in the modern method of shallow beds. Three inches 

 of earth seems the standard bed in which the up-to-date florist 

 succeeds in producing the most perfect Chrysanthemums, as 

 well as marvelous Roses. 



About the only criticism one would be inclined to make on 

 these plants is that possibly the foliage and stems aro too 

 robust. But this seems to be the present fancy with growers, 

 who always point with pride to a specially rigid stem, which 

 holds a mop-like head with all the grace ot a poker. However, 

 in this and the solid beds at the sides were thousands of well- 

 finished flowers, comprising an assortment of the most modern 

 and popular varieties, but largely the products of this estab- 

 lishment. I noticed here, especially, many good flowers of 

 the novel variety " Pitcher & Manda," which appears to keep 

 up the fine form in which it was shown last season. There 

 were also many good flowers of Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, recalling 

 the sensation which inaugurated this nursery. Five thousand 

 square feet of Chrysanthemums, as seen in the upper house, 

 is a display the equal of which is seldom seen, except at great 

 exhibitions. 



Among the flowers of all sizes, shapes and colors, the special 

 interest, of course, centred in the new varieties of the nursery, 

 which are to be first offered the coming season. Perhaps the 



most valuable ones were two early kinds, which were ready 

 for cutting October 5th, these being J. H. Troy and John E. 

 Lager, the former being white, and the latter a deep yellow of 

 medium size, rather in the way of Ivory, but with wider 

 petals, somewhat reflexed laterally. The other novelties 

 were also in yellow and white, all of fine forms and the largest 

 size. Miss Georgiana Bramhall is a delicate pale primrose, 

 beautifully incurved, in perfect form and largest size. Miss 

 Georgiana Pitcher is similar in form, with broader petals and 

 richer yellow. Bonnie Marjorie, with these, makes a trio of 

 yellows, its color being intermediate. The best white shown 

 was Mrs. Twombley, one of the 1894 introductions. Mrs. 

 Pullman, shown as a new yellow, does not seem to differ mate- 

 rially from Sunflower. Ot odd colors, Dorothy Toler was the 

 most promising — a full flower, well rounded, with cupped 

 petals of a purplish pink shade. The best dark-flowered variety 

 shown was Mrs. A. J. Drexel, a very rich red reflexed variety, 

 one of the older introductions. 



Among novel forms seen was a Japanese Anemone-flow- 

 ered variety, with variegated foliage. The variegation was 

 very white and distinct. We noticed also the single variety 

 Daisy, to whose simple beauty we have called attention for 

 several seasons. Looking at this collection, representing the 

 best products of the florist's art, grown to the highest perfec- 

 tion, it seems to me that we have about reached a point beyond 

 which we cannot expect much improvement in size or many 

 valuable novelties in form. In fine whites and yellows we 

 have a superabundance. Only pink flowers of perfect purity 

 and delicacy are yet somewhat scarce. I suppose big bounc- 

 ing Chrysanthemum flowers will always be appreciated, both 

 by the growers and the public, but I believe that many flower- 

 fanciers would be intensely interested in an exhibition of a 

 comprehensive collection of the many rare, odd and varied 

 forms known only to collectors, and which do not seem to 

 have interested the commercial growers. 



The Chrysanthemums at these nurseries occupy only two 

 houses among a great number, which are fairly packed with 

 choice and rare greenhouse plants, enough to interest a plant 

 lover for days. The Orchid houses were more interesting 

 than we have known them at this season, not specially for the 

 great profusion of flowers of all the species due at this season, 

 but for vigor of plants. The superintendent, Mr. Lager, 

 pointed with just pride to the fact that the plants which heliad 

 personally collected were making stronger growths under 

 cultivation than they had shown under their native conditions. 

 This was certainly true of the Cattleyas and Odontoglossum 

 Crispum, the latter being at present especially strong. Mr. 

 Lager has grown the Cattleyas unshaded, and they are gener- 

 ously responding to such sensible treatment with larger pseudo 

 bulbs. 



New York. Quis. 



Recent Publications. 



TJie Biggie Berry-book, a Treatise on the Cultivation of 

 Berries. By Jacob Biggie. Illustrated. Philadelpia : Wil- 

 mer Atkinson & Co. 



Readers of the Farm Journal have long been familiar 

 with the practical quality of Judge Biggie's teachings in all 

 matters relating to the farm and garden, and this little book 

 of 126 closely printed pages contains in a condensed form 

 not only all the more important lessons in the culture of 

 small fruits which long experience and close observation 

 have taught the author, but it has gathered up in short 

 quotations the opinions of a great number of the 

 leading fruit-growers of the country on all the important 

 questions of practice. The most approved methods 

 of propagating, cultivating and marketing gooseber- 

 ries, raspberries and currants are explained, but without 

 much detail— the greater portion of the little hand-book 

 being given up to the Strawberry. The preparation 

 of the ground, the different methods and times for planting, 

 the enemies of this berry and how to control them are dis- 

 cussed in a way which any novice can comprehend, while 

 the comparison of the different varieties, new and old, with 

 a statement of their various merits and deficiencies, is 

 unusually complete and fair. The colored plates are actual 

 helps to the text, and so in general are the other illustra- 

 tions, so that altogether this little book can be safely 

 trusted by the beginner who needs sound elementary 

 instruction given in a clear and homely way. 



