November 21, 1894.] 



Garden and Forest. 



465 



of a blighted stem the spores ooze out and are carried 

 away to other portions of the plant. This blight of the 

 Cosmos is such a recent discovery that no experiments 

 have been made, so far as I am aware, to check it. It is 

 most likely that the standard fungicides would avail much. 

 Any of the readers of Garden and Forest who have 

 observed this blight in former years, or have any personal 

 knowledge of attempts to control it, are requested to send 

 notes of their experience or observation to this journal or 

 to the writer. One grower is inclined to the opinion that 

 he saw something of it last year, but this season he lost the 

 greater portion of his Cosmos-plants. 



New Brunswick, N.J. 



Byron D. Ha I sled. 



New or Little-known Plants. 



The Loganberry. 



MUCH has been said in California about a new hybrid 

 berry of great beauty and promise, introduced to 

 the public by the Agricultural Department of the State 



University, at whose ex- 



periment stations it has 

 been tested for several 

 years past. The fruit is 

 now sold in the San Fran- 

 cisco markets, where it is 

 becoming popular, and 

 plants are being grown 

 on a large scale by vari- 

 ous nurserymen east and 

 west, so that it seems 

 time to describe its char- 

 acteristics and give some 

 notes upon its history. 



A few words about the 

 west American species of 

 Rubus will make the par- 

 entage of the Loganberry 

 more clear : 



The Pacific coast has 

 very few wild berry fruits 

 of notable value. The 

 famous Salmon berry, 

 Rubus Nutkanus, of the 

 Raspberry type, widely 

 spread over the western 

 part of the continent, has 

 a variety (velutinus) 

 which belongs more dis- 

 tinctly to the northern 

 California coast, where it 

 is highly esteemed, but 

 it does not grow well 

 elsewhere. Throughout 

 the Coast range and large 

 portions of the Sierra, a 

 yellowish - red Thimble- 

 berry, Rubus leucoder- 

 mis, flourishes, that occa- 

 sionally carries a fair crop 

 oi fruit, but one may 

 often search a whole acre 

 of Thimbleberry-bushes 

 in the season without ob- 

 taining a double handful. 

 Two other species of 

 Raspberries are found on 

 the coast, but none of any 

 economic importance ex- 

 l ' cept to the hybridizer. 

 In Blackberries, the Pacific coast has one very variable 

 but important species, Rubus ursinus, bearing an oblong, 

 sweet, highly flavored fruit. This berry still grows in im- 

 mense patches along the river-bottoms, fills the ravines, 





Fig. 73. — Blight on stem of Cosmos.— See p. 



and even extends far up among the Oaks and Manzanitas 

 on dry hillsides. If it fruited abundantly it might long ago 

 have become the parent of many valuable varieties, as has 

 been the case with Rubus villosus. Occasionally, in rich, 

 sheltered places it bears so heavily that people come for 

 miles to camp in the berry-fields and gather the delicious 

 fruit. Variable in growth, in leaves, and in many other 

 particulars, it seems to vary most in fruitage, and offers 

 peculiar advantages to the skilled hybridizer. As with 

 other members of the family, carefully selected plants from 

 the woods and hills, transplanted to the garden amply, 

 repay attention. A white variety, found in Del Norte 

 County, has been somewhat disseminated in California, 

 and several other varieties have gained some local reputa- 

 tion. The Oregon Everbearing, one of the very finest gar- 

 den Blackberries known on the Pacific coast, appears to 

 contain some Rubus ursinus blood. 



The most remarkable sport of the native Blackberry is 

 the Aughinbaugh, one of the parents of the Loganberry. 

 The Aughinbaugh was found growing wild on the sandy 

 Encinal, or peninsula of Alameda, a good many years ago, 

 by a pioneer who once owned many acres there. Aughin- 

 baugh removed it to his garden, cultivated and dissemi- 

 nated it. He lost his estate and died in poverty ; a city is 

 built over his pasture-lands, but the wild berry-vine he 

 transplanted from under the Oak forest which then covered 

 the Alameda shore, has preserved his name from oblivion. 

 The Aughinbaugh Blackberry, as I have grown it from his 

 original stock, is a beautiful vine of trailing habit, like a 

 Dewberry, but with much larger, darker leaves, and of 

 extremely vigorous growth. Being pistillate, it does not 

 bear well unless planted with other varieties. Properly 

 fertilized, on good soil, and well trained on a fence or 

 trellis, its bearing powers are often astonishing, and in 

 quality it is very fine, but it has never become popular. I 

 may add that for some reason the nurseries did not take it 

 up, and one only finds it now in a few old gardens. Still 

 it ought to be more generally distributed. It has been 

 crossed with Crandall's Early, producing a promising line 

 of seedlings. 



The Loganberry originated several years ago in the 

 garden of Judge J. H. Logan, of Santa Cruz, from self- 

 sown seeds of the Aughinbaugh springing up in the moist 

 warm soil of that sheltered district. The other parent is 

 supposed to be a Raspberry of the Red Antwerp type. 

 Raspberries of several sorts grew alongside, and, in fact, 

 intermingled. The Loganberry shows so clearly the 

 mingling of both types that no horticulturist who studies 

 the fruit has doubted that it is a true hybrid of Aughin- 

 baugh Blackberry with some large red European Rasp- 

 berry. The result is a very sturdy plant of rambling or 

 trailing growth, needing support to be at its best, but even 

 in this dry climate it is a vine of unusual substance and 

 heallhfulness, resembling the Aughinbaugh Blackberry, 

 but readily distinguished from it in the field. The berry is 

 large and solid, resembling the Aughinbaugh in shape 

 and retaining its delicious wild flavor; it is dark red to 

 purple when fully ripe, and shows in texture, in the easy 

 slipping from the core, and partly in flavor, the Raspberry 

 parentage. 



Tests made in different soils and in some very dry situa- 

 tions have shown, so far, that the Loganberry will grow 

 and bear a fair amount of fruit in localities where the 

 Gooseberry, Currant, high-bush varieties of Blackberries and 

 Dewberries have entirely failed. As I have said, plants of 

 Rubus ursinus are sometimes found thriving very well on 

 dry hillsides with Scrub Oaks and Chaparral, but seldom 

 bear fruit to any extent in such arid places. In other 

 words, some individuals of this variable species of Rubus 

 grow in very hot, arid and barren places, and the original 

 Aughinbaugh, though found on a sandy peninsula, near 

 the Bay, instead of on a hillside, seems to have had the 

 power to transmit this resistant quality, together with an 

 increased productiveness. 

 The Loganberry is now grown for market near Santa 



