291 
to find a place. And, even in the middle ages; when the diffusion of 
Christianity, with its attendant civilization, brought round a closer 
connexion and increased intercourse between the pilgrims and their 
brethren at home, the old principle continued to operate, and the annals 
ran on, not as records of the Lrish, but of Ireland; so much so that, 
among all the Irish foundations on the Continent, and all their exclu- 
sive congregations, I can discover but three names that have found 
their way into our domestic records, and these, of individuals who were 
high in office and celebrity before their departure. 
At 784 the Four Masters record the death of ‘‘ Ferghil, the Geo- 
meter, Abbot of Achadhbo, in Germany, in the 13th year of his episco- 
pate.” This was the celebrated Virgilius, who became Bishop of Salz- 
burg. The Annals of Ulster, at 788, simply say :-—Seirgil abb Acaid- 
boo moritur. 
At 1042 the Annals of Ulster and Four Masters relate that ‘‘ Ailell, 
of Mucnomh, Superior of the Irish monks in Colonia, died.’’* 
Lastly, at 1085, according to the Four Masters, ‘‘ Gilla-na-naemh- 
Laighen, illustrious Bishop of Glenndaloch, and afterwards Superior of 
the monks in Wurzburg, died on the 7th of April.’’+ 
High in honour abroad, though forgotten at home, were the two 
Mariani, each of whom bore the designation of Scotus, and who, on ac- 
count of the identity of their assumed names, have by many distinguished 
writers been treated of as but an individual. Their real names, however, 
were different, and though nearly contemporary, and natives of the same 
province, their labours lay in different fields, and their literary remains 
vary in their character. Marianus Scotus the Chronicler was born in 
1028, and educated under Tighernach Boirceach, of Moville.t In 1056 
he withdrew to Cologne; in 1058 he removed to Fulda;§ in 1069 he 
retired to Mentz; and in 1082 he died. His Chronicle is his great mo- 
nument, but it has long been well known to the learned of Europe; and 
Florence of Worcester, one of England’s worthies, is glad to make the 
Trishman’s work the basis of his compilation.|| Marianus’ autograph, 
* This Ailell, of Mucknoe, in the county of Monaghan, is called Helias by Marianus 
Scotus the chronicler, at 1042 (Pertz, Monn. SS. v., p. 557). Thus we find Helias to be 
the continental equivalent for A7lil. 
+ Zeuss (Gram. Celt. Pref., p. xxiii.) proposes our Marianus as the continental equi- 
valent for Gilla-na-naemh. But in this he errs, for the latter name is latinized by Sanc- 
tinus, and this Gilla-na-naemh was of Leinster, and died April 7 ; whereas our Marianus 
was a Donegall man, and died on the 9th of February,—added to this, that our Marianus 
calls himself Muiredhach. 
f This is deducible from Marianus’s observation,—Jta Tigernach Borchech mihi cul- 
pabili in aliqua levi culpa pronuntiavit.—An. 1065 (recte 1043). Pertz, v., p. 557. 
Tighernach of Boirche (i. e. Mourne) was abbot of Maghbile (Moville, Co. Down), and 
died in 1061. His son Flaithbertach died in 1098. 
§ Pancirolus says of the Notitia utriusque Imperi, ‘‘ Cum multo tempore latuisset, 
tandem que a Mariano Scoto Monacho Fuldensi scripta fuerat, in ultimis Britaniis, annis 
abhine 36 inventa, in lucem prodiit.”—Notitia dignitatum utriusque Imperii, Pref, p.38 
(Geney. 1623). 
|| See the ‘‘ Monumenta Historica Britannica,” p. 522. 
