3138 
generally in use during the twelfth century. The mitre looks as if formed 
of an external framework of metal, the ribs of which stood prominently 
out, and within which was the cap or head covering. The helmets most 
commonly in use in England, as well as on the Continent, during the 
thirteenth century, as we find in Stoddart’s ‘‘ Vetusta Monumenta,’’ 
and from the Painted Chamber at Westminster, were constructed on 
this principle ; the framework is mostly coloured yellow, as if to re- 
present brass or metal, the intervening spaces being red or purple, as 
if to indicate the inner cap, called by the Romans “‘cudo”’ or “ galerus,’’ 
of dyed leather, cloth, or felt.* I should not be surprised if on research 
we found that many of the mitres of our medieval ecclesiastics were 
constructed on precisely this principle. 
Fig. 18. This illustration is offered as a characteristic example of a 
doorway of one of those square tower castles so common over the south of 
Ireland; its style of masonry is somewhat novel, as many of the stones are 
interlet one into the other, after the manner of some of our very oldest 
Pelasgic buildings, a circumstance which is here merely accidental, and 
indicates nothing more than unusual care on the part of the builders. 
- Fig. 19. An ogee-headed door from the north wall of the cathedral of 
Ardfert; its date may be late in the fifteenth century. 
Fig. 20. The last illustration of a doorway is that from the old church 
of Moymet, attached to the castle of the same name, near Trim, in the 
county of Meath. The arch is equilateral-pointed, formed out of two 
stones, and the angle is ornamented by the simple bead and ogee mould- 
ing, the curves of which would, in the absence of all other evidence, 
enable us to determine the century in which the church had been erected. 
We have, however, historical evidence for this. Sir Lucas Dillon, 
father of the first Earl of Roscommon, and son of Sir Robert Dillon, 
who was Attorney-General to Henry VIII., built the castle and church 
of Moymett, after having received the grants of the Abbey of the Virgin 
Mary at Trim, and the townlands of Ladyrath, Grange of Trim, Can- 
nonstown, and Rathnally, in the year 1567.—(Butler’s History of Trim.) 
I have now to direct your attention to a few windows and loop holes, 
with which I shall conclude this short notice of well-marked pecu- 
liarities in early, as well as medieval, Irish architecture. 
Fig. 21. We have here a sketch of the east window of the old church 
of St. Peter, at Ferns in the county of Wexford. The window itself is of 
the pointed lancet form externally, but semicircular within, and most of 
the stones which form it evidently belonged to a much older window. 
They are for the most part ornamented by an incised zig-zag or herring- 
bone pattern, but are placed in the window without any reference to their 
original position or fitness for one another. The inner arch of the win- 
dow springs from an abacus, which is ornamented with the large pellet 
moulding, but the stones at either side do not quite correspond with 
each other. This window, as we now see it, may be a reconstruction 
during the early part of the thirteenth century. 
* See Mr. Albert Way’s ‘‘ Memoir‘on a Bronze Relic, supposed to be of the Saxon age,” 
and published in No. 45 of the “ Archeological Institute Journal.” 
