483 
ber ; while at present the same estate, which has continued unaltered for 
more than two centuries, and embraces in a ring fence the whole barony 
of Upper Massereene, with small adjacent portions of Upper Belfast and. 
Castlereagh, contains about 150 townlands on the Ordnance Survey, the 
numerical increase being caused in part by the creation of new deno- 
minations as farms, with English names, but principally by calling up 
to the townland grade several of the subordinate divisions. 
As regards the denominational terms which have been in use, I may 
observe that they differ greatly in their age and origin. The earliest 
which I have met is that of covced, fn the Book of Armagh, and there- 
fore anterior to the year 800. It is Latinized in the same record by 
quinta pars, and is applied, in conjunction with the owner’s name, to a 
portion of Drumlease parish.* The use of the term in later times} has 
been to denote a ‘‘ province,” and has given rise to the notion that it 
had its origin in this sense from the quinquepartite division of Ireland; 
but, like our English ‘‘ quarter,” so wide and irrespective of proportion 
in its application, it seems to have its origin in some more general prin- 
ciple.§ - 
= Tricha-ced, or ‘ thirty hundreds” savours of foreign extraction, 
and seems to have its origin in the Saxon hundred. 
The Ballybetagh, 30 of which made a tricha-ced, was, therefore, 
equal to one céd. There is a townland of this name, consisting of 464 
acres, in the parish of Kilternan, in the county of Dublin. 
The Ballybo, or “‘ cowland’” appears analogous in meaning to the 
Latin bovata, or Saxon oxgang. 
Cartron,|| which prevailed in Longford, Westmeath, King’s County, 
and other parts, is an imported word, for which, in the sense of quarter, 
ceathramhadh (pronounced ecarrow) is the Irish term. Cartron is de- 
rived, through the French, guarteron, from the Medizval Latin, qguar- 
teronus or quartrona, and was probably brought in after the invasion. 
Carucate is also of foreign extraction, being derived from caruca, ‘a 
chariot,”’ which, in medieval Latin, denoted a plough, and passed into 
the French charrué, from which was also borrowed in Ireland the form 
* Caichan was the possessor, and his portion was called cotced Caichain and quinta 
pars Caichain. Book of Armagh, fol. 17a. Zeuss also has Coiced, Gram. Celt., vol. i., 
. 317. 
r + The modern form for “‘ fifth’ is euigeadh. ; : 
t “ Provinciarum queque ob quinquepartitam, divisionem Céigedd .1. Quintana ad 
hunc usque diem appellatur.”—Ogygia, p. 24. : : : 
§ Ducange observes that Quintana, locally called guinnon, is used in Spanish char- 
ters in the sense of “ villa” or ‘‘ predium.” Quinteria is a farm from which the tenant 
paid a fifth of the fruits annually to the lord. . 
|| Cartron was extensively naturalized in Ireland. There are 80 townlands, chiefly 
in Connaught, called Cartron. There are 60 more, spreading into Longford and West- 
meath, in whose names Cartron is compounded with some Irish term. 
| Ceathramhadh or Carrow is a very prevalent term. There are 640 townland 
names into which the word enters. 
