230 The Primary Upheaval of the 
Borings through Limestone strata at Borings at Geneva. Surface, 299.feet 
’ Rudersdorf, near Berlin, in Jan., above level of Geneva Lake. 
1833. Surface 180 feet above the DEPTH. TEMP. FAHR. 
sea level. Feet. Degrees. 
DEPTH. TEMP. FAHR. 3] 99-96 
E, Bet. Degrens: 104,....,..'23-32 
SSD 27°03 FOGl ohne 24°38 
Oe os ae 27°82 208......-. 25°18 
i 2OOr tt pees 26°50 
= is NN a 34-45 pi ine ae 
417 36°57 S651. ae 28-89 
yn RONNIE 8 lth 37°63 CU WARES i 30°21 
G2GN8 ites 39-22 ae vereceee see 
EI ae 42-14 nig, 1 OL ae 
BS4i eas 45:05 G26 yee 34°72 
CU Wo Seagin chocetel AB TOT Di a at ieeR cl take teenie 35°78 
TOO as 36°57 
Showing a gradual increase of temperature with the depth, 
being about two and a half degrees every hundred feet. 
The decomposition of the basaltic rocks produces the rich 
alluvial soil which coyers so large a portion of the country, 
and renders its agricultural capabilities of so striking a nature. 
as induced its earliest explorer (Major Mitchell) to bestow 
upon it the appropriate title of Australia Felix. 
The strata eastward round the City of Melbourne consists 
of micaceous clay slate, frequently of a siliceous or quartzy 
nature, surrounded and partly overlapped by the trap; they 
are very strongly compressed, the evidences of which are es- 
pecially manifest before the Argus Office, in Collins Street, 
between Swanston and Russell Streets, to the westward, and 
which seems to be the point at which the great volcanic power, 
the cause of this compression, was suddenly checked ; and in 
Gisbourne Street, connecting the reservoir with the waterworks, 
eastwards. (Vide plate.) The gases and fluids confined within 
the earth, forcing their way with irresistable power through the 
present great swamp included between the localities named 
in the commencement of this paper, and which then composed 
the bed of the ocean, moved bodily eastward the whole strata 
(all more or less in a plastic state), but owing to the tremen- 
dous hydraulic pressure exerted by the superincumbent water, 
the movement received a violent check, resulting in a power- 
ful compression of the strata on the spot where the Rev. 
A. Morison’s and Dr. Wilkie’s houses now stand. The 
