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are often accompanied by armillaj or bracelets of the same 

 description. 



The term Torques, by which antiquarians usually desig- 

 nate these ornaments, is one of frequent occurrence in the 

 classic authors. The word is generally derived from the Cel- 

 tic Tore, a twisted collar, or perhaps, more correctly, a twisted 

 circular ornament of any kind, as the ancient Irish called a 

 collar or neck-chain mun-torc. And since the Latin verb tor- 

 queo has no cognate in Greek, it is probably formed from 

 the same Celtic root. 



Collars of this kind seem to have been common to all the 

 Celtic nations, as we find from ancient writers. Livy tells 

 us, that Publius Cornelius, in his triumph over the Boii, a 

 Gallic nation, collected, among the spoils, no less than 

 1470 Torques : and we find in Propertius, that Virdumarus 

 king of the Gauls, wore such an ornament. Dio Cassius 

 notices a Tore of this description, as ornamenting the per- 

 son of the British Queen Boadicea ; and even within a few 

 centuries of the present time, a Welsh Prince was called Lle- 

 wellin aur dorc/iag, or Llewellin of the Golden Tore. The 

 Torques found in France and Wales are exactly similar to the 



