THE SAN JOSE SCALE 291 



present is of a grayish, very slightly roughened scurfy deposit. 

 The natural rich reddish color of the limbs of the peach and apple 

 is quite obscured when these trees are thickly infested, and they 

 then have every appearance of being coated with lime or ashes. 

 "When the scales are crushed by scraping, a yellowish oily liquid 

 will appear, resulting from the crushing of the soft, yellow insects 

 beneath, and this will at once indicate to one who is not familiar 

 with, their appearance, the existence of healthy living scales on the 

 trees. {Circular No. 3, 2<$ series, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, "Wash- 

 ington, 1893.) 



As before stated, the spale is also found upon the fruit. When 

 present, in large numbers to the extent of covering the entire sur- 

 face, it interferes seriously with the proper development of the 

 fruit, causes it to crack, often to fall from the tree, or when it 

 remains thereon, renders it unmarketable. It is a conspicuous 

 object from the little depression which it causes (at least late in the 

 season) and usually a well-defined purplish ring with which each 

 scale is surrounded of a diameter considerably larger than that of 

 the scale (see Figure 3 on Plate Y and Figure 2 on Plate VI). 



The Insect 



The male. — As previously stated, the male only, becomes winged. 

 It is shown greatly enlarged in Fig. 3 of Plate VII — its natural 

 size being indicated by the crossed lines within the circle beside it. 

 Examined under a high magnifying power its wings are seen to be 

 transparent, each with two delicate veins only. It has a well-defined 

 thorax and a rather large head with two large eyes. Its body is of 

 a light amber color with dark brownish markings, and terminates 

 in a slender "stylet" nearly as long as the body, which is the exter- 

 nal organ of reproduction. The antennse are long and conspicuous, 

 ten-jointed, eight of which are hairy. 



The above description of the male will be of no particular inter- 

 est to others than the entomological student, as but few fruit- 

 growers will ever see it in nature, as it is difficult to obtain and 

 needs a good microscope for its inspection. 



The female. — Soon after the leafing of the tree in the spring, 

 when the young have crawled out from beneath the scales, close 

 examination of an infested twig will show them as yellowish objects, 



