THE SAN JOSE SCALE 281 



visit were lying on the ground beneath or near them, should be 

 raked together and burned, in order to prevent the chance of the 

 scales being carried by the winds over the entire orchard.* 



The infested trees were entirely of the d'Anjou variety. In two 

 other orchards of Mr. Morrell of the Kieffer pear, not a scale was 

 found, nor on the apple, cherry, and plum trees that were examined. 

 The infestation was apparently confined to the two purchases made 

 at the New Jersey nursery and had not extended beyond them. 



The Scale on Long Island 



In September of last year the scale was discovered in abundance 

 in some of the nurseries on Long Island by Messrs. Sirrine & Lowe, 

 who had been commissioned by the State Agricultural Experiment 

 Station at Geneva for conducting some entomological investigations 

 especially desired on Western Long Island, under an appropriation 

 of $8,000 made by the Legislature Of 1894 to the Station named, 

 " for the purpose of agricultural experiment, investigations, instruc- 

 tion and information, in the Second Judicial department" of the 

 State. 



Among the earlier results of their investigations was the discovery 



of the San Jose scale in great abundance in some of the nurseries 



on the Island. The following notice of its first observation was 



communicated to Garden and Forest, of November 7, 1894 : 



The San Jose scale was observed first in the market at Jamaica 

 on some Bartlett pears said to have been grown on the Island. The 

 scale was also conspicuous on some fancy varieties of pears exhibited 

 at the Queens County Fair ; and by tracing the fruit to its source 

 some of the infested nurseries were located. We have found the 

 scale on Pear, Apple, Peach, and Quince stock in several nurseries. 



The nurserymen were unable to give any definite information 



regarding the length of time that they had had the scale, but it was 



thought by some of them that it had been with them for the past 



twenty years. This, under the circumstances, is impossible : They 



had doubtless mistaken some other scale for it. Nor can anything 



definite be learned of the source of the infestation. If known to 



*Dr. Smith does not believe that the fixed scale can be carried on fallen leaves. 

 He states {Bulletin 106 New Jersey Agricul. Coll. Exp. Station, 1895, page 15): 

 " Only such as are affixed to the tree itself ha^S any chance of reproducing their 

 kind. Those that fix to the leaves fall with them, and as these dry or decay the 

 insect dies for want of food before attaining maturity." 

 36 



