390 



of them in removing the brain ; each of these lobules or gan- 

 glions contained a large ventricle with smooth surface, and 

 communicating with the lateral ventricle. The middle lobes of 

 the cerebrum are very large and of great transverse breadth, 

 like those of the cetacea, as may be seen by comparing them 

 with the brain of the porpoise upon the table : there are no 

 posterior lobes. The cerebellum is of considerable extent, 

 both transversely and vertically, and abuts against the posterior 

 inferior margin of the cerebrum; the mesocephale or cerebral 

 protuberance is very large and broad, and the crura cerebri 

 on leaving it are of great thickness; the medulla oblongata is 

 highly developed, and not only the anterior pyramids, but 

 also the olives, are of great size ; the tubercula quadrigemina 

 and pineal body are small, not much larger than the human; 

 the optic nerves also are small, and the fourth pair are about 

 the same size as in man ; the fifth nerves are of prodigious 

 size ; the seventh also are rather large. The weight of the 

 encephalon was eleven pounds ten ounces, but, allowing for 

 the loss of some portions of the surface injured in the removal, 

 also for the olfactory lobes, and the empty state of the vessels, 

 it may be fairly stated as twelve pounds, Troy weight. On 

 weighing each part separately, the cerebrum was seven pounds 

 and a half, the cerebellum was four pounds, and the mesoce- 

 phale and medulla oblongata half a pound. 



" Thus the brain of this young elephant weighs twelve 

 pounds, while that of the full-grown horse does not exceed 

 two pounds, and that of man seldom equals four pounds. 

 From an examination of the brains of 150 men, the average 

 weight of this organ was found to be about three pounds eight 

 ounces, but exceptions occasionally occur, thus the brains of 

 Cuvier and Dupuytren are recorded as nearly five pounds 

 Troy weight. From an examination of ninety females, the 

 average weight of the brain was three pounds four ounces, 

 that is, about four ounces fighter than that of man. The 

 brain of the idiot is seldom more than one pound and a half. 

 These are the general results of the observations of Tiede- 



