41 



"When autopsies are made, the assistant physician who had charge 

 of the patient shall assist the pathologist in making it." 



Under the above arrangement the hospital staff was given a thorough 

 review of histology, bacteriology, microscopy, chemistry and pathology. 



The sphere of work was gradually broadened. 



I quote from the report of 1900-1901 : 



"Two objects have been constantly in mind in developing the work of 

 the laboratory during the past year : 



"First. That of enabling the members of the resident medical staff 

 to conduct their study and treatment of the cases committed to the care 

 of the hospital with a knowledge of the pathological basis of disease and 

 a more intimate knowledge of the structure and functions of the nervous 

 system as revealed by recent scientific researches in this field. 



"Second. That of placing upon a thorough systematic and working 

 basis the study of the nervous system and organs of those cases upon 

 which an autopsy is allowed. 



"In carrying out the former the following methods have been adopted : 



"Each morning for two hours, from ten to twelve, three members of 

 the medical staff are engaged in the study of the normal and diseased or- 

 gans. In these morning classes the work is individual and inductive. 

 In studying an organ, stained, injected and digested sections are first drawn 

 with different magnifications and then descriptions of the same written 

 without the aid of books or teaching. The gross anatomy and anatomical 

 relations of the organs are then reviewed. When this has been accom- 

 plished, a pathological section of the same organ is given without the 

 student knowing its designation. From this drawings and written de- 

 scriptions are made of those parts differing from the normal sections be- 

 fore studied. This having been done, the pathologist goes over the sec- 

 tion with him, correcting the work where necessary and pointing out 

 those parts of more importance, and together they arrive at a diagnosis 

 of the diseased condition. From the changes found, the student then con- 

 structs the gross appearance of the organ thus diseased and describes the 

 clinical symptoms which would be most likely present during life in a 

 patient so afflicted. The process of reasoning in this work, it will be seen, 

 is practically the same as that which the physician pursues in diagnosing 

 his case upon the wards; here, however, he starts with the diseased 

 organ and builds up his clinical symptoms ; there he arrives at the 

 changes in his organ from the clinical evidence. Incorporated with this 



