190 



Of the species listed but four, one of them being the Carolina mantis 

 or rear-horse, Star/mom antis Carolina (L.), and the others Camptonotm 

 carolinensis (Gers.), Syrbula ad mi rah ills (Uhl.) and Orocharis saltator 

 Uhl., have been taken in small numbers as far north as Marion County; 

 all of the others only south of the line mentioned as forming the northern 

 border of the Lower Austral. 



In this Lower Austral zone I have also taken more than one hundred 

 species of beetles whose range heretofore has been given as the Gulf or 

 Southern States. Among them are some of the largest and most striking 

 members of Coleoptera taken within the State, regular "Oh, my! beetles;" 

 that is, those which beget the ejaculation "Oh, my !" when they are noted 

 by persons not especially interested in the order. Among these two of 

 our largest tiger beetles of the genus Tetracha; the stag beetle, Lucanus 

 elaphus Fab. ; the rhinoceros beetle, Dynastes tityrus Linn. ; the unicorn 

 beetle, Xyloryctes satyrus Fab., and the fig-eating beetle, Allorhina nitida 

 L., are examples most worthy of note. 



It will be noted that the line which separates the Lower Austral from 

 the Upper Austral zones in the State corresponds somewhat approximately 

 with the southern border of the glacial invasion of Indiana, and it is more 

 than probable that the ancestors of many of these southern forms existed 

 in southern Indiana in preglacial times, when the climate was much 

 warmer than now. It is also probable that many of these Orthoptera and 

 Coleoptera, as well as a number of those species inhabiting the entire 

 State, advanced into the State from the south as fast as it was uncovered 

 by the receding ice. 



UPPER AUSTRAL ZONE. 



Of the Upper Austral Zone, which covers the greater portion of the 

 State and whose fauna and flora overlap and merge with those of the 

 Transition Zone in the north and the Lower Austral Zone in the south, I 

 have but little to say, as this fauna and flora are the ones whose members 

 are most familiar to all present. Merriam, in his paper above cited, states 

 that counting from the north, the L'pper Austral area, represented by the 

 Carolinian fauna and flora, is that in which the sassafras, tulip tree, 

 hackberry, sycamore, sweet gum, redbud and short leafed pine first make 

 their appearance. Along with these trees and shrubs are found the opos- 

 sum, gray fox, fox squirrel, cardinal, Carolina wren, tufted titmouse, 

 blue-gray gnatcatcher, summer tanager and yellow-breasted chat. 



