104 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



outer is fed by a hearty little brook pouring down the west slope. The works 

 extend 80 feet in front of the tower. Only the east end of the outer mound 

 is fairly intact, 6 to 9 feet above the field, with a banquette 15 feet wide 

 behind it. and 12 feet wide on top; a sort of small bastion juts out at the cliff 

 for about 18 feet on top, 2i feet below. 1 



None of the platform forts conforms to the third type (c) in having an 

 outer ward such as we find in the forts of Island Ikane and (though now 

 levelled for farming purposes) the outworks of Danes' Island and Island 

 Hubbock. It is certainly very rare elsewhere, the only case known to me on 

 the west coasts of Connacht and Minister being Bishop's Island in Co. Clare, 

 though perhaps Pierce's Island in Kerry was of the type. The fourth type (d), 

 a main promontory with a lesser fortified headland, like the Baily on Howth, 

 Baginbun, Dunabrattin, and Dunsheane, does not occur in the district of our 

 survey. 



The Fifth Type (e). 



The platform-fort is of two varieties, the most characteristic having a 

 deep natural hollow across the neck, usually crossed by a narrow gangway ; 

 to this (c) belongs, save as being further defended by a fortification to land- 

 ward of the neck. The second variety is that where the platform, neck, and 

 adjoining field are on the same level or slope, Nature having made the narrow 

 gangway with deep gullies to either side, and man doing rarely more than 

 making a slight fence or breastwork along the further edge to shelter 

 himself from the missiles hurled from the landward. 2 



Dooneendermotmore, Toe Head (O.S. 151). — Close to Toe Head, opposite 

 the picturesquely castellated rocks, called the Stags,' lies the fort, Dooneen- 

 dermotmore. Toe Head seems to be the Toanadwnin, or Toghe, of the late 

 Elizabethan records;' the first form embodying the name of Dooneen. 

 Mr. Magnire tells me that most of its stone revetment was intact till very 

 recently, when, about six years since, it was nearly all removed for building a 

 labourer's cottage. The coast at this point is being rapidly cut away by the fierce 

 waves that make the opposite Head of Gokane (Iokane) so dangerous and wreck- 

 reputed. The headland of the Dooneen is of strong upturned strata ; and 



1 Plan, Plate XI. 



- This type occurs at Caudebec in France : see " Ancient Forts of Ireland," fig. 3, 

 p. 26. 



3 See the portolan maps giving Stackia, 1497 ; (St)aga off Corcala, 1544. The Stags, 

 Castlehaven. 



4 May, 1601. Pardon to Tiege mac Donell og Cartie of Toanadwnin. Fiant 6539, 

 p. 247. It is Tivoh in Hibernia Delineate, 1683, map xxi. 



