212 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



the fosse is convex, nearly 100 feet long, 9 feet wide, and 4 feet deep. The 

 inner rampart is 87 feet long, rising steeply at a slope usually of 1 in 1, for 

 11 feet high. It is 21 feet thick at the garth, and 8 feet on the top, being 

 about 5 feet higher than the garth, and up to 11 feet over the fosse. It, too, 

 like Westtown and like Dunawealaun, near A 7 entry, has been much homed 

 by cattle. There are no hut-sites. 



Duxmoee, Sha^ooax (0. S. 27). — The last and most eastern of the simple 

 forts is also in Gaultiere, the old Ostman " reserve " in early Xornian days. 

 It forms the shelter and overlooks the picturesc|ue little harbour of Dunmore ; 

 the town, nestling among clustered trees, with a ring-tower of red stone, is at 

 the opposite end. Beyond the harbour is the bold mass of Creadan Head, 

 called Arkreadan in 1537/ and identified with the Cenn Crede, from whence 

 a certain Thomas 2 Cinn Creite derived his name. He was slain when Haccon 

 and " Cossa Kara " came in their fleet to Yedrifiord, or Waterford (on the 

 Irish Loch Dacaech) in 916, when the Ciarraighe defeated the foreigners in 

 battle at the beginning of the second great century of invasion. 



I'amh, "ooan" is used in Co. Clare both for a souterrain and a ring-fort, so 

 I think it very probable that here it has the pertinent sense of " old fort." 

 It makes no figure in history till Norman times. After the raid of 

 Eaymund Le Gros into Decies in 1173 we lose sight of it again. 

 Heverbricht, of Dunmore. in Co. "Waterford, had been granted Culech, 

 Fornach, and other lands by Henry II, whose son, King John, confirmed it 

 in 1203, with service at Waterford. King Edward, in 1299, made a grant 

 reciting his letters patent (Aug. 28, 1282) to Eobert de Ufford, late Justiciar 

 of Ireland, to hold a number of waste lands (with the assent of Stephen, 

 Bishop of "Waterford) and the villate of Dunnemore. 3 About the same period 

 it was owned by Michael Le Flemeyng at £7 13s. 2\d. ; the lands were given 

 to his son-in-law and daughter, Thomas Le Mareschal and Constance. The 

 Manor of Dunmore is often named. John de la Bokell and Enielia, his wife, 

 daughter of John Butler, had a suit with Eobert Butler, who had disseised 

 Gerald fitz W T iUiam le Botiller of one messuage and half a carucate in 

 Dunnior in 1322. Two parts of the manor had belonged to this William in 

 1303, and a third lay fallow. It, with the rents of the cottiers and free tenants, 

 the perquisites of the court and the fishery, was delivered to "William's son, 

 John Le Buttyler, by a writ, August 26th, 1303.' There are other entries of 

 rents which I omit ; but one case gives so pertinent a tale and so striking a 



1 Inq. Exchr., No. 1, of Sep. 18, xxviii Hen. VIII, P. R. O. I. 

 -' Perhaps Thomar. 3 Poll, " Antiquissinius," xxriii Ed. I. 



1 Charter Roll, John, an. v, m. 18 ; Cal. Doc. Ir., No. 190 ; Pipe R. xxiv-xxvii Ed. I 

 Plea Roll Ir., No. 136, an. xiv Ed. II, m. 12. 



