72 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



some reference to flint, or kahnhia. A little later Father Bruyas 

 defined the Mohawk gannohouagethon, to scrape a hide, and another 

 word expressed the stretching process. In a rude way they are still, 

 or were recently, in use among some of our western indians, but not 

 in forms like those of old. The Eskimo still use them, inserted in 

 handles, and one specimen here figured is almost exactly like those 

 which they make. 



Dr Abbott says of New Jersey scrapers, ' One feature of the Euro- 

 pean scrapers is having one side flat or uniform, the result of the 

 breaking away of a large flake, thus giving on one side the smooth 

 surface of a single plane of cleavage. We have all our specimens 

 chipped upon both sides, unless it be those of about the minimum 

 size, which appear absolutely identical with the European specimens.' 

 In New York, however, a large proportion of the larger examples 

 have this single cleavage, while full chipping on both sides is confined 

 to a few. From Sir John Lubbock's illustrations, Dr Abbott also 

 thought European specimens rudely chipped in comparison with 

 American, and a similar comparison would show the high character 

 of those of New York. i 



As regards their distribution no exact statement can be made. In 

 some form they seem distributed throughout the world, but the pro- 

 portion in any collection will vary according to the field in which 

 it has been principally made. Mr Douglass has 220 New York 

 scrapers, out of a total of 1061. Of these 636 came from Missouri, 

 and 71 from Arkansas. From the New England states he has none 

 at all. Dr Rau figured them only from Ohio and Texas. In the 

 Wagman Saratoga collection none are mentioned, but such omissions 

 may be due to their frequent lack of beauty. In a show collection 

 they might make a poor figure. 



SERRATE ARROWS 



The serrate arrow forms, which Evans called saws in Great Britain, 

 are quite rare in New York, but are common farther west and south. 

 The materials of which the few found here are made, point to a distant 

 origin. Fig. 201 is of translucent horn colored flint, one and three 

 quarters inches long, and it comes from Nine Mile creek, some miles 



