AQUATIC INSECTS IN THE ADIRONDACKS 389 



mosses, mainly Polytrichium, and bunchberry,|C o rn u s cana- 

 densis Linn., and the latter were very pretty, when covered with 

 white bracts, as in June, or when covered with scarlet berries, as in 

 August. 



Propagating ponds. Since the three ponds reserved by the state 

 for fish-propagating purposes were the scene of our principal field 

 studies, a few words concerning their character may best be said here. 



Bone pond is quite small, as our map will show, is hidden in deep 

 woods, and is accessible only by a " carry " from Little Green. It has 

 gently sloping banks round about, there being no outlet, the hemlocks of 

 the woods come down near to the shore, and there is not the usual fringe 

 of tamaracks outside the sphagnum moss which thinly fringes its banks, 

 but the sphagnum is grown full of lambkill and other small heaths. 

 The sphagnum ends in shallow water and is followed by a zone of 

 sedge, Dulichium. arundinaceum (L.) Britton, and manna 

 grass, Panicularia sp.? In the deeper water, but not forming a 

 continuous zone except for short distances, are stretches of yellow water 

 lilies, Nymphaea advena Soland., and a species of bur reed with 

 very long stem and leaves, the latter not rising from the surface, but 

 lying flat and directed generally off shore, Sp arg an ium simplex 

 angusti folium (Mx.) Englm.? In the more open places along 

 shore a species of pipewort, Eriocaulon septangulare Wither., 

 was observed growing abundantly, and extending out iiito deeper water 

 by a succession of stolons, which rooted readily to the white sand of the 

 bottom. Among these lay loosely small masses of moss and filamentous 

 algae. In such places the sieve net brought up from the bottom, 

 where they were beyond view and almost beyond reach of the net, 

 besides the pipewort, moss and algae, great quantities of empty caddis 

 fly cases of the species described in the following account of that group 

 by Mr Betten as no. 2, p. 572, and also the loose, flocculent cases of 

 blood worms (larvae of gnats, Chironomidae) ; but the larvae of the 

 gnats themselves were not found except in the stomachs of the brook 

 trout which lived in this pond, and in these they were abundant. , The 

 burrowing nymphs of dragon flies, Gomphus, were also common 

 here, where they burrow along under the thin layer of silt that covers the 

 sand. They seemed to escape the trout. Among the sedges and grasses 

 nearer shore other dragon fly nymphs and caddis fly larvae were also 

 abundant. 



This pond was farther from headquarters than were any of the other 

 situations in which we planned field studies. We did not visit it till 



