REPORT OF THE STATP ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 (23 
Preventive and remedial measures. Late sowing. One of the 
most important preventive measures is to delay sowing till after 
the adult flies have deposited their quota of eggs and perished. 
In New York this means delaying sowing as a rule till Septem- 
ber 20 or a littie later. A preceding paragraph gives more 
Specific directions for the determination of the date when wheat 
may be safely sown in different latitudes and at varying alti- 
tudes. The difference in latitude in New York is relatively 
slight but altitude has considerable influence on the period when 
wheat may be sown with safety. The experiences of 1900 and 
1991 have demonstrated anew the destructive powers of this pest 
and as many of the holdings in western New York are exceed- 
ingly small and the fields of wheat so near one another that it is 
very easy for the flies to make their way from one to the other, 
the delaying in the date of sowing is of itself not sufficient to 
guaranty immunity from the ravages of this insect. © 
Resistant varieties. There is probably no such thing as abso- 
jutely fly proof wheat but experience has shown that the 
varieties known as no. 8, Dawson’s golden chaff, White chaff, 
Mediterranean, red Russian, prosperity and democrat lave 
withstood the attack of the Hessian fly very successfully 
in western New York, even when the beardless, weak-stemmed 
white wheat known as no. 6 was very seriously injured 
‘and sometimes totally destroyed. Some of the varieties badly 
affected by the fly are better yielders than the above but 
the only safe way is to sow. one which is able to resist attack 
to a considerable extent. It is very remarkable that while 
Dawson’s golden chaff was so free from injury in the Empire 
_ State, it sustained much harm last spring in Canada, its native 
home. 
Good culture. Thorough culture counts for very much when 
trying to grow a good crop of wheat. The field should be 
thoroughly prepared and the land gotten into excellent con- 
‘dition before it is considered fit for the crop. An endeavor 
should be made to get a growth of firm straw and to produce 
plants vigorous enough so that if attacked they will tiller 
