To2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
observed in the vicinity of the trees, and it was probably this 
species which preyed on the bark beetles. This is a striking 
illustration of the value of woodpeck- 
ers and their perseverance in digging 
out such small insects. These pupae 
were undoubtedly the progeny of the 
fall brood of beetles, which were ob- 
served Sep. 7, 1900, entering trees in 
large numbers. Aug. 1, 1901, adults of 
Scolytus in some numbers were 
entering the bark of a young dying 
appletree, a. «victim? of Sa plemdien 
candida, at Pittstown N. Y. The 
bark beetles gnawed many minute 
holes about ;'; of an inch deep and of 
the same diameter. Some of these 
holes were deserted, and in other 
places the beetles were at work mak- 
Fie. 7 Work of fruit tree bark . 2 : ° 
. beetle in plum (original) ing the primary entrance or beginning 
a gallery. This observation in connection with the preced- 
ing ones shows very clearly that the fall brood of beetles, 
if there be a distinct one, as is very probable, extends 
in the eastern part of New York state from Aug. 1 till Sep. 
7 or later. This is still further confirmed by our finding at 
Ripley N. Y. Sep. 5, 1901, beetles entering plumtrees in large 
numbers. 
The presence of pupae and recently transformed beetles in the 
plumtrees examined May 22 would indicate that the adults 
would probably have emerged within a short time. There are 
therefore at least two generations annually in New York state, 
and the short period necessary for the completion of the life 
cycle permits more. It may be that more do occur, but there 
does not appear to be any good evidence to that effect, at pres- 
ent. Another cheering feature in the last mentioned attack 
was the breeding of numbers of the beneficial parasite known as 
Chiro pa.chys colom Linn: 
