REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 763 
Substances experimented with. Crude petroleum was tested on 
a large number of trees, both the Standard and the Titusville 
oils being used in 20% and 254 mechanical emulsions, and the 
latter was also used undiluted on a few trees. Good’s whale oil 
soap no. 3 in a solution of 1 pound to 4 gallons of water was 
used with 10% and 15% Standard oil, the kerowater sprayer 
being employed, as last year, in making a mechanical combina- 
tion between the soap solution and the oil. Good’s whale oil 
soap was also used by itself at the rate of 2 and of 14 pounds 
to the gallon. 
Time and methods. The apparatus, the hand kerowater spray- 
ing outfit, was the same as employed last year. The experi- 
ments were all in the same orchard, for a diagram of which 
the reader is referred to pl. 3 of the preceding report. It was 
undesirable to treat all the trees with the substances used on 
them in 1900; and it will be seen by consulting the diagram, 
that the different insecticides have been applied to transverse 
sections of the orchard. This did not always permit of applying 
the same preparation to several varieties of pears and peaches, 
but, on the other hand, it was much easier to keep track of 
different tests. The numbers bestowed on the trees in 1900 
have been retained, and it is thus very easy to ascertain the 
previous history of any tree by consulting the preceding report. 
Supplementary notes. There are several observations which, 
though not strictly a part of the experimental work proper, may 
as well be recorded in connection with it, since they were noted 
in the progress of the work. The young of the San José scale 
were abundant on trees in the experimental orchard July 3, 
1901, and, as there were a number of young in the black stage, 
they must have begun to appear about a week before. Sep. 25, 
young were crawling in considerable numbers on relatively few 
trees, and the same condition was observed Oct. 15. Thus this 
period agrees with those observed in preceding years, and 
the breeding season may be said to extend from the latter part 
of June through October. 
