— 
METALLIC IMPLEMENTS OF NEW YORK INDIANS 23 
> Fig. 39 has also parallel edges and is quite broad for its 
ength. It is in A. H. Waterbury’s collection, and was found 
between Bridgeport and Oneida lake. The length is 42 inches 
and the average width 12 inches. The edge is rounded and 
pently expanded. 
_ Fig. 40 is still wider in proportion and suggests an ax. It 
7... to Mr Albert Rose of Manchester Center, Ontario co. 
N. Y. and was found on the Rose farm, a little over a mile north 
‘of the old ford at Canandaigua outlet. Mr Irving W. Coats 
made the drawing in 1892. He says it is of native copper and 
is 3 inches long. The extreme breadth is 12 inches, being 
a little less at the head where there is a rounded depression. 
The cutting edge is curved, as usual. 
Fig. 23 has the modern ax form and came from Livingston 
county, N.Y. It is of native copper but has unfortunately been 
ground down. This is in the Smithsonian collection and is of 
actual size. : 
Fig. 60 is taken from Squier’s Antiquities of the state of New 
York (p. 122) and is here of actual size. He said: 
— One of the most interesting relics which has yet been dis- 
€overed in the state, is an ax of cast copper, of which fig. 25 
is a reduced engraving. he original is 4 inches long by 24 
broad on the edge, and corresponds in shape with some of 
those of wrought native copper, which have been found in the 
tThounds of Ohio. From the granulations of the surface it ap- 
pears to have been cast in sand. There is no evidence of its 
having been used for any purpose. Its history, beyond that 
it was plowed up somewhere in the vicinity of Auburn, Cayuga 
county, is unknown. No opportunity has yet been afforded of 
analyzing any portion, so as to determine whether it has an 
intermixture of other metals. It appears to be pure copper. 
An inspection serves to satisfy the inquirer that it is of abo- 
riginal origin; but the questions when and by whom made, are 
beyond our ability to answer. There is no evidence that the 
mound builders understood the smelting of metals; on the con- 
trary, there is every reason to believe that they obtained their 
entire supply in a native state, and worked it cold. The Portu- 
guese chronicler of Soto’s expedition into Florida, mentions 
‘copper hatchets, and rather vaguely refers to a “smelting of 
copper,” in a country which he did not visit, far to the north- 
Ward, called “Chisca.” The Mexicans and Peruvians made 
pis axe: 
