METALLIC IMPLEMENTS OF NEW YORK INDIANS 25 
copper began to come in from our Ohio explorations in a won- 
derful manner, until we now have copper in such abundance 
that a paper on the subject would be a volume. We have it 
hammered and cut into all manner of shapes—implements and 
ornaments—and with it have come several lots of ornaments 
made of meteoric iron—implements and ornaments—and also 
considerable silver (ornaments) and a little of gold. All these 
metals are hammered and cut, and we have the copper in all 
stages from the rough nuggets, through those partly ham- 
mered, to the sheets and the objects cut from them. To con- 
sider this the work of Europeans is an absurd perversion of 
the facts before us; and yet just because the facts do not agree 
with the theories of some who would have all facts drop into 
their theories, or else throw them out of consideration, these 
objects are spoken of as unquestionably of European origin, 
traded to our old mound building people of the Ohio valley by 
whites since the settlement of the country.—Moore, p. 220 
Prof. Putnam’s conclusion is that native copper articles of 
any kind are to be considered prehistoric if unaccompanied by 
European relics. Dr Cyrus Thomas has as plainly shown that 
Kuropean metallic articles have been found deep in some large 
mounds. His remarks have been quoted. 
A large proportion of native copper celts gradually expand 
toward the cutting edge. Fig. 38 is a good example in the 
Bigelow collection, which was found on lot 99, Lysander, in 
1881, not far from Seneca river. The ridged side has more pro- 
tuberances than usual, and on the flat side a single medial line 
extends the whole length, with a few small ones near the mar- 
gin. The thin top is bent over by hammering, showing how it 
was used. This figure is of actual size, as are all those where 
no dimensions are given. 
Fig. 30 is in the same collection, and has an expanded cutting 
edge. It was found on the Ouderkirk farm, lot 76, Lysander, 
near Seneca river, and is quite thick and not very sharp, the 
edge having been dulled by use. One side is ridged as usual. 
Fig. 12 is a very fine celt of this kind, the flat side of which 
is shown. A hollow above the cutting edge suggests a gouge. 
This edge is more rounded than usual and the other end comes 
to a point. The full length is a little over 54 inches, and the 
