METALLIC IMPLEMENTS OF NEW YORK INDIANS 41 
disclosed. The one containing the beads had no other relics save 
a few crumbling fragments of bone, while the grave containing 
the copper celt, but a few yards distant, yielded quite a store of 
_ fine objects, among which were an ornamented slate tube, some 
awls and a hook of bone, several hundred small perforated sea- 
shells, and a very fine doubly perforated boat-stone, made of cave 
alabaster. The 135 beads, varying from { to 4 of an inch in di- 
ameter, were made by coiling a pounded strip of native copper 
upon itself, and then by further dextrous beating bringing the 
lapped edge down to an almost perfect weld. Unfortunately for 
science this interesting find was scattered instead of being pre- 
served intact. 
On reviewing this list an interesting question is suggested. 
The indicated localities show that all described, with the excep- 
tion of the celt from Sharon, are from the Hudson valley from 
Stuyvesant north to Lake George, and from the lower waters of 
ihe Sacandaga and Mohawk rivers. In fact every specimen 
listed, with possibly two exceptions, comes within the bounds 
of the ancient territory of the Mahikans or River Indians. Can 
we thus conclude that these were made and used by these 
Indians? Certainly, to my knowledge no native copper imple- 
ments have been reported from any part of the Mohawk valley 
west of the localities mentioned. All of the numerous private 
collections of local material in the Mohawk valley, from Amster- 
dam to Utica, are absolutely barren of relics of this character. 
Triangular and conical arrowheads, rolled tubular beads, trink- 
ets, etc. made from sheet copper and brass of colonial times, 
are quite abundant on castle and village sites on either bank 
of the Mohawk west from Amsterdam, but never an object of 
native copper has appeared. Garoga, Otsquago and Cayadutta, 
the three great Mohawk strongholds of precolonial time, with 
their myriad relics unearthed, tell us the same story—an utter 
absence of native copper. 
In qualifying the above suggestive statement it may be said 
that the Palatine Bridge awl and beads are presumably of native 
copper, and that nowhere are native copper articles more fre- 
quent than in Clinton county near Lake Champlain. They seem 
everywhere to have been lost in travel and they are rare in the 
Mohawk valley because that was not a favorite route till the 
. Mohawks came there late in the 16th century. Even then the 
_ river was little used west of Canajoharie for a long time. 
Several of the articles mentioned by Mr Van Epps are illus- 
trated in this bulletin, and can be compared with his account. 
