METALLIC IMPLEMENTS OF NEW YORK INDIANS 59 
{ and dated in 1697 and 1706. These partners were not the same. 
q Several patents of Otsego and Schoharie lands were made 
in 1769. 
_ After the above was written the writer figured a fine pewter 
; pipe. belonging to Mr Addison Pease of Fleming, and found at 
j that place. It is of a modern form, with ample bowl and in good 
condition. | 
More of these might be shown, but they differ little in form, 
even when combined with wood or stone. Such combinations 
_ were frequent. In a paper in the American antiquarian for 1879 
Mr Edwin A. Barber figured seve ‘al Dutch and Swiss iron 
; pipes and a rude copper pipe from Pennsylvania. He algo 
quoted a statement about the pipe of Capt. Miles Standish, 
_ used by him till his death. It was “a little iron affair of about 
_ the size and shape of a common clay pipe.’ Mr Barber thought 
'this was made in Holland. Those in New York may be over 
200 years old. This eminent authority concludes “that we 
_have no positive proof that pipes were in use in Europe before 
the Columbian discovery of America; but if it can be shown 
that such was undoubtedly the case, it is reasonably cer- 
tain that such objects were employed in medicinal remedies or 
for purposes of fumigation.” 
It was customary to present large quantities of pipes at 
Indian councils.. Among the presents in 1696 were “1 -grose of 
tobacco pipes, wood & tinn,” and sometimes casks of pipes were 
given. The study of European pipes used by the Indians of 
New York has proved of much interest. They came in at quite 
an early day. i 
Trade axes 
. One of the earliest iron impleme nts that found its way into 
‘the interior of New York is known as the trade ax. It usually 
has a broad edge for cutting, but is narrow below the socket 
a. the handle. This was made by bending over the upper 
part of the flat iron plate, forming an elliptic ope ning. They 
are of all sizes, and quite frequently are Stamped with three 
Circles, each inclosing a cross. Sometimes the cross has a see- 
