MWTALLIC IMPLEMENTS OF NEW YORK INDIANS 65 
When we consider the great quantities of axes that the 
English and Dutch both sold and gave to the Iroquois, and the 
_ universal prevalence in early years of the form known as the 
' French trade ax, we are led to believe that all were not French, 
§ but that this was the common European form two or three 
» least, seem to have been made at Utrecht. In any case most 
of the iron axes found on New York Indian sites passed through 
the hands of its colonists. 
. centuries ago, as it is in Germany yet. A large proportion, at 
Fig. 8 is much reduced and has one unique feature. While 
having nearly the common outline, a sharp spike rises from the 
t upper edge, 14 inches high, giving a height of 64 inches to this 
4 corroded implement. It was found at Rome N. Y. and may be 
" dated about the middle of the 18th century. 
_ Fig. 99 is a large and typical trade ax from Pompey, unusually 
wide for its length. It has the frequent three crosses and is very 
_heavy. The figure is much reduced, the implement being 81. 
inches long. This ax is in the Skaneateles library. Fig. 98 is a 
_ very large and peculiar ax, also much reduced, the actual length 
being 103 inches. The lateral edges of the blade are now parallel, 
_ but the postericr may have been cut or ground down. The three 
crosses give weight to this supposition. In its present condition 
it is unique. It is in the Cazenovia library and was found at 
Nelson Flats, Madison co. as well as the following two. 
Fig. 167 is the reduced form of a typical trade ax, with one 
unique feature. The two circles each inclose eight lines radiating 
from the center, instead of the cross. It is 7+ inches long witha 
blade nearly 4 inches wide. Fig. 168 is similar but larger, the 
extreme length being 81+ inches and the greatest width 4 inches. 
The three circles on each side each inclose a double cross. Both 
these show one characteristic feature of these early axes, the 
angular indentation of the outline below the socket. Quite a 
number have been found in the town of Nelson. 
Fig. 90 is a curious ax in the Bigelow collection, which was 
‘found at Jack Reef on the Seneca river. It shows signs of 
long use, and was evidently once longer, but its most singular 
feature is a large rectangular perforation through the lower 
ihc 
