46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



and he gives a plan of this. ' The Grangula sat on the east side, 

 being placed at the head of his men, with his pipe in his mouth, and 

 the great calumet of peace before him.' Then follows an account 

 of the official pipe. ' The calumet or pipe, is made of certain stones, 

 or of marble, whether red, black or white. The pipe or stalk is four 

 or five feet long; the body of the calumet is eight inches long; and 

 the mouth or head, in which the tobacco is lodged, is three inches in 

 length; its figure approaches that of a hammer. The red calumets 

 are most esteemed. The calumet is trimmed with yellow, white and 

 green feathers.' He gave a small figure, both of the pipe and 

 speaker, but little can be gathered from them. His description is 

 general, and as he afterwards traveled in the West, it may have been 

 made from western pipes. About this time, however, the red pipe- 

 stone came into New York. 



Mr. Douglass' collection has 43 New York pipes in a total of 375, 

 but it is evident that they once existed here in great numbers. Be- 

 sides those made by the Indians large quantities of pipe clay pipes 

 were distributed at councils and treaties by the English, and these 

 antique articles are frequent on the more recent sites. Certain 

 forms of stone pipes are found throughout the Northern States, 

 made within the last two centuries, and those of pipestone are con- 

 fessedly modern. At present a very simple article suffices for the 

 Indian's need in New York. 



Fig. 97 is a remarkable pipe of black soapstone, with inlaid eyes 

 of hollow bone. This fine pipe was found in a grave on the Seneca 

 River, and with it were European articles. The handle beneath is 

 a characteristic of part of the pipes of the historic period, and ap- 

 pears in much simpler forms. When this is found the age may be 

 thus determined in a general way. The bowl is capacious, and the 

 face very fine and expressive. This is turned away from the 

 smoker, another feature of the later pipes, whether of clay or stone. 

 It is four and one half inches high. A head-dress slightly appears, 

 but not such as might have been expected. 



Fig. 98 is of yellow sandstone, and was found in Cayuga county. 

 The form of the bowl is both early and recent, and has animals in 

 relief on the sides. It is one and seven eighths inches high. Fig. 



