POLISHED STONE ARTICLES USED BY THE NEW YORK ABORIGINES 5 I 



top, and a zigzag ornament on the narrow edge of the stem. The 

 platform of this comes to a point at the short end. The height is 

 two and one eighth inches. Another of soapstone from the east 

 end of Oneida Lake, has the bowl close to the end of the long 

 platform. It is three and one half long by one and one half inches 

 high. There are many varieties of the platform pipe, and they reach 

 the Hudson at least. 



One simple but graceful pipe is from Jefferson County, and bears 

 some resemblance to some before figured, but is more slender. It 

 contracts below the top of the circular bowl, and then gradually 

 expands toward the rounded base. It is less than two inches high. 

 Most of the stone pipes from that county are recent forms, the early 

 inhabitants, probably the ancestors of the Onondagas, having used 

 those of clay. Of these there are fine examples. One curious pipe 

 of mottled green soapstone, comes from that county. The raised 

 end of the bowl, which is at the back as usual in this form, is divided 

 into two broad horns, on each of which is a human face of modern 

 type. It was probably made in the seventeenth century. Each 

 projection is divided into two concentric horns above the face, ter- 

 minating in a point. In these respects it is unique. 



TUBES 



Five classes of tubes are enumerated by Mr. Fowke, in the Re- 

 ports of the Bureau of Ethnology, four of which are represented in 

 New York. To these may be added here those with four flattened 

 sides, which do not essentially differ from the cylindric forms; and 

 those with an expanding end, generally almost closed. The use 

 of all these articles is conjectural, and may not have been always 

 the same. One well supported theory is that they were used in 

 sucking blood when bleeding was resorted to, or in injecting the 

 smoke of medicinal plants. In California they have bone mouth 

 pieces, and are usually classed as pipes. Schoolcraft gave the first 

 account of these in 1843, and those he examined from a Grave 

 Creek mound are like those found in New York and on the east 

 shore of Lake Champlain. His account is not readily accessible, 

 and may therefore be quoted. 



