POLISHED STONE ARTICLES USED BY THE NEW YORK ABORIGINES 83 



Fig. 215 is a narrow form, of light greenish stone with a groove all 

 around. This is reduced in the figure and is from Jefferson County. 

 Some occur of the more typical forms, specially in the southwest- 

 ern part of the State. They are said to be more numerous east of 

 the Mississippi than west, but this may be due to the number of 

 collectors. The southern Indians have used them in historic times. 

 The single grooves were for attaching the handles, and sometimes 

 there are double grooves. They have been used by the Pueblo 

 Indians. 



While so rare in New York, Dr. Abbott reported many from New 

 Jersey, and from every part. One axe weighed nearly 14 pounds, 

 and several large caches of these implements have been found there. 

 One contained 120 axes. Among three from Tioga County, N. Y., 

 was one of eight pounds. There were none in the Wagman col- 

 lection at Saratoga. : 



Celts and gouges are sometimes roughened or grooved for secur- 

 ing the handle, and a few broad axes rather suggest than have the 

 groove. Fig. 219 is a flat axe of brown sandstone, not grooved 

 across the surface, but with a deep and broad notch in each lateral 

 edge. It is a rare form, altogether unlike the typical implement. 



POMSHED PERFORATORS 



Fig. 221 is a neat polished perforator of brown sandstone, from 

 Madison County. It is two and three eighths inches long, and much 

 like some bone perforators in general appearance. Those like this 

 are rare, for the early comers used flint, and the Iroquois very much 

 preferred horn and bone, yet these seem to have belonged to them. 



Fig. 222 is from the same place, and is notched and more angular. 

 The broadest part is near the point. This is two and three fourths 

 inches long. Another of black basalt, with an oblique central notch, 

 comes from the Nichols Pond site, the Oneida town of 161 5. It is 

 three and one eighth long by five eighths of an inch thick. This 

 is decisive of its Iroquois use, but such a splinter of stone might 

 be ground as easily as bone, the general form being the same. 



GROOVED BOULDERS 



In the Onondaga and Seneca territory specially, are found large 

 boulders with straight grooves, from one to seven in number, and 



