60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



likewise placed in the form of a semicircle, while just behind 

 these is a cluster of four smaller and more erect bristles placed 

 in pairs, the anterior of these being the most widely separated. 

 Anterior femora armed at tip with a short, hooked spine, while 

 above and at one side is a single, straight spine terminating 

 in a bristle, posterior femora armed with a stouter hook and 

 two stouter, erect spinular bristles, middle femora unarmed; 

 at posterior extremity are two stout, flattened hooks, whose 

 points extend upward; on the dorsum of the penultimate seg- 

 ment is a row of four distantly placed decumbent spines while 

 -on the preceding segment is a median, transverse, closely placed 

 row of four, stout, erect spines, each of the other segments being 

 provided with a single row of minute, short bristles, with two 

 larger ones on the scutellum. 



"In the majority of my specimens the anal hooks are as 

 described ... In some, however, they are bifid, one hook ex- 

 tending upward and the other downward, in which case the 

 spines are much stouter, while beneath are two very short, 

 stubby, hooked appendages. In one specimen one of the anal 

 hooks is bifid and the other simple, and beneath the former is 

 -one of the short appendages while there are two of these, closely 

 placed beneath the latter." 



LIFE HISTORY 



The life history of this insect may be summarized as follows : 

 The winter is passed by the nearly full grown grubs in oval 

 cells in the soil and, so far as our observations go, the great 

 majority of them occur from 10 to 12 inches below the surface 

 and mostly near the subsoil. On the approach of warm weather, 

 the grubs work upward, probably early in May in most years, 

 and may then be found within a few inches of the surface and 

 usually within 15 to 21 inches of the stem of the grapevine. 

 The .transformation to the pupa occurs in normal seasons from 

 about June 1 to 20, the adults issuing approximately two 

 weeks later or from about June 20 onward. The great 

 majority of the beetles appear the last of June, though some 



