46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



roots without the fluid coming in contact with them. He 

 recommends from 4 to 6 ounces for each vine and states that 

 it is not possible to kill every worm about a vine, and that it 

 is doubtful if the low price then current for fruit would justify 

 its use. Growers in the vicinity of Cleveland have not used 

 this insecticide to any extent since the time Professor Webster 

 made his experiments, and they give the high cost as the reason 

 for its not being adopted. It should also be added that con- 

 siderable care is necessary or the vines will be severely injured. 



Kerosene emulsion. Several writers have advised killing the 

 grubs at the base of the vines by the use of a kerosene emulsion, 

 which is to be washed to a greater depth by copious watering 

 or subsequent rain. We have seen very few cases where the 

 grubs were congregated sufficiently to warrant any attempt at 

 killing them in this manner, and it hardly appears practical in a 

 large vineyard. 



Crude petroleum. It was hoped that it would be possible to 

 destroy the grubs of this pest by the application of this sub- 

 stance to the soil, and there seemed a chance of using it to 

 prevent the young larvae from making their way to the roots. 

 Some experiments in the office, however, demonstrated that the 

 grubs easily penetrated soil which had the surface layers moist- 

 ened by a fine spray of the oil, specially if placed on the soil 30 

 minutes to half a day or more after treatment. This substance 

 appears to have very little value in controlling this insect. 



Effect of calcium carbid refuse on grubs. Our attention was 

 called to this substance by the statement that it had proved 

 very valuable against the Phylloxera in France. Some of the 

 material was kindly sent us from the Union Carbide Co.'s 

 plant at Niagara Falls, and various experiments with the grubs 

 were tried. One part of this substance mixed with 10 pounds 

 of soil was placed in a box and some grubs added. One was 

 dead the next day after having burrowed about i inch and two 

 others went to the depth respectively of 1£ and 2 inches. No 

 additional fatalities occurred even after 10 days. Several other 

 experiments gave the same general results, and apparently we 

 can have no hopes of this substance "being of value in this particu- 

 lar case. 



