MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS SAPERDA 79 



PLATE 7 



Saperda calcarata var. adspersa 



S . m u t i c a 



S. h o r n i i 



S. populnea, enlarged 



S. m o e s t a . The long line at its side shows the average 

 length of Idaho specimens, the short one, that of New 

 York, Canadian, and west of Wisconsin to Michigan 

 specimens. 



6 S. tulari, enlarged 



7 Galls of S. moesta 



a Young gall shows wound caused by female 

 b Exit hole 



8 S. lateralis, enlarged 



9 S. lateralis var. connecta, enlarged 



io Galls of S. moesta, with one cut open showing the pupal 

 chamber 



a Oviposition scar 

 b Exit hole of the beetle 



PLATE 8 



Early work of Saperda Candida 

 Appletree borer 

 i Oviposition scars made by the female 



2 Borings or frass thrown out by young grubs working under 



the bark 



3 Bark cut away, showing the young larva in its gallery and 



its method of work 



4 Scar showing old, overgrown exit hole 



5 Upper portion of the wound caused by the insect, which 



emerged several years before at 4 



The number of grubs in this small stem, which is only 

 about i£ inches in diameter, is sufficient to kill a tree. 



PLATE g 



Advanced work of Saperda Candida 

 Appletree borer 

 This represents the appearance in section and lower por- 

 tion of a very badly infested stem of a young tree, and shows 



