8o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



that it may be practically riddled before death ensues. The 

 exit holes seen in the upper portion are by no means unusu- 

 ally abundant and such severe injury is certain to result in 

 the death of the tree. 



PLATE 10 



Advanced work of Saperda Candida 



Appletree borer 

 i Base of two year old tree killed by borers 



2 Young tree entirely girdled by two borers, showing two exit 



holes, and at A the only connection with the root 



3 Young tree killed by borers : A A shows the only connection with 



the root and B is a bare area which the tree has tried to cover 

 with living tissue. 



PLATE ii 



Early work of Saperda calcarata 

 Poplar borer 

 i This represents the early galleries and illustrates how a 

 few larvae can easily girdle a young tree, because of their 

 running a portion of their burrows transversely in the inner 

 bark and outer sapwood. 

 2 Advanced work ofS. tridentata, elm borer 



PLATE i2 



Advanced work of Saperda calcarata 

 Poplar borer 

 This illustration shows the irregular character of the galleries, 

 the closed pupal cells with the coarse fibers stopping the free 

 end, and the expanded character of the burrows about the exit. 



PLATE 13 



Saperda fayi 

 i Gall in thorn branch, also holes made by woodpeckers searching 



for grubs 

 2 Typical, fully developed gall 



PLATE 14 



Holes of woodpeckers in alder, made in search of the larvae of 

 Saperda obliqua 



