IN THE REALM OF MIND. 331 



exercise an attractive power on the mind of 

 a civilised man, which would exercise no power 

 whatever upon the mind of a savage. And 

 in this lies the only difference between the 

 subjection to Law under which the lower animals 

 are placed, and the subjection to Law which 

 is equally the condition of Mankind. Free Will, 

 in the only sense in which this expression is 

 intelligible, has been erroneously represented as 

 the peculiar prerogative of Man. But the Will of 

 the lower animals is as free as ours. A man is 

 not more free to go to the right hand or to the left 

 than the Eagle, or the Wren, or the Mole, or the 

 Bat. The only difference is, that the Will of the 

 lower animals is acted upon by fewer and simpler 

 motives. And the lower the organisation of the 

 animal, the fewer and simpler these motives are. 

 Hence it is that the conduct and choice of animals 

 — that is, the decision of their Will under given 

 conditions — can be predicted with almost perfect 

 certainty. Their faculties, few in number and 

 limited in range, are open only to the small num- 

 ber of forces which are related to them ; and 

 in the absence of higher faculties accessible 



