CONTENTS. Xlll 



ments from the shell-mounds Mode of life indicated by the shell-mounds The 

 Fuegians The relation of the shell-mounds to the tumuli The opinions of 

 Steenstrup and Worsaae The flint implements of the shell-mounds The 

 scarcity of well-made flint implements in the shell-mounds Antiquity of the 

 shell-mounds. 



CHAPTEE VII. 



NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY. 



Bibliography Implements The use of copper Traces of ancient copper mines 

 Pottery Ornaments Earthworks Defensive enclosures Sacred and Mis- 

 cellaneous enclosures Earthworks in the Scioto valley Earthworks at Circle - 

 ville Aztalan Modern earthworks Sepulchral mounds Ancient modes of 

 burial Sacrificial mounds The contents of the sacrificial mounds The Grave 

 Creek mound Temple mounds Animal mounds General appearance In- 

 scriptions Wampum The mound -builders Gigantic earthworks Traces of 

 ancient agriculture Antiquity of the ancient remains Condition of the bones 

 American Forests Indication of four periods Man and the mastodon Dr. 

 Douler's calculation. 



CHAPTEE VIII. 



CAVE-MEN. 



Cave -bear Cave -lion Mammoth and woolly-haired rhinoceros Irish elk 

 Keindeer Aurochs Urus Value of cave-evidence Caves in the Dordogne 

 Absence of domestic animals Flint implements Absence of polished imple- 

 ments Rude drawings and sculptures Habits of the cave-dwellers The Belgian 

 caves Kent's Hole Brixham Cave Sicilian caves Gibraltar Cave Aurignac 

 Wokey Hole Cave-men. 



CHAPTEE IX. 



THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN. 



M. Boucher de Perthes Messrs. Prestwich and Evans Specimen discovered 

 in the last century Mr. Frere's discovery in 1800 Similar discoveries in other 

 countries Scepticism of geologists The questions at issue Evidence derivable 

 from the flints themselves The forgeries Peculiarities of the drift implements 

 Drift implements never polished Absence of human bones Causes of the 

 scarcity of human bones Contemporaneity of the mammalian remains The 

 Somme valley St. Acheul Organic remains Mineralogical contents of the 

 river-drift gravels Objections to the proposed theory Fauna of the river-drift 

 gravels Climate of the river -drift period Modes of accounting for the change 

 of climate Absence of marine remains Inapplicability of cataclysms Altera- 

 tion of the river level owing to the excavation of the valley Loess Fauna 

 of the low level gravels Peat Recapitulation Lapse of time. 



