NOT ALWAYS INTENDED FOR ACTUAL USE. 93 



than 100 cases without any implement at all, either of stone 

 or metal, and the drinking- vessels and food- vases were only 

 about 40 in number. Moreover, lest it should be supposed 

 that these ill-provided interments were those of poor persons 

 or enemies, we will leave all these out of consideration. This 

 we can easily do. "We may be sure that these tumuli, which 

 must have required much labor, were only raised in honor of 

 the rich and great ; though they may have served, and, no 

 doubt, often did serve, afterwards, as burial places for the 

 poor. But it is almost always easy to distinguish the primary 

 interment ; for though there are some few cases in which the 

 original occupant has been ignominiously ejected from his 

 grave to make room for a successor, these instances are rare, 

 and can generally be detected, while the secondary interments 

 are usually situated either above the first, or on the sides of 

 the tumulus. The same feeling which made our ancestors 

 prefer to bury their dead in a pre-existing tumulus, generally 

 prevented them from desecrating the earlier interments. 



In the following tables, then, I have recorded the primary 

 interments only ; the first column contains the name of 

 the tumulus, the succeeding nine indicate the disposition 

 of the corpse, and the articles found therewith, while the 

 last is reserved for any special remarks. Out of 139 inter- 

 ments, only 105 had any implements or weapons, and only 

 35 were accompanied by any pottery that can have held 

 either food or drink. Moreover, if we examine the nature 

 of the implements which were deposited with the dead, we 

 shall find that they are far from representing complete sets 

 of tools or ornaments. The rarity of bronze in tombs is 

 perhaps not surprising; but to men so practised as our 

 predecessors, it must have been an easy matter to make a 

 rude arrow-head, or a flint flake. Yet some of the corpses 

 are accompanied by but one single arrow-head, others by a 

 small flint flake ; some, again, by a single scraper. 



