200 IMPLEMENTS, 



borders, and with whose various characters they are blended. 

 Their numbers may be the result of frequent changes of 

 residence by a comparatively limited population, in accordance 

 with a superstitious trait of the Indian nature, leading to the 

 abandonment of places where any great calamity has been 

 suffered ; but they appear rather to indicate a country thickly 

 inhabited for a period long enough to admit of the progressive 

 enlargement and extension of its movements." 



Although more especially devoted to the present condition 

 and habits of the Indian tribes, still, as constituting their 

 history, Schoolcraft gives us much archaeological information, 

 and we shall have occasion frequently to quote from his work. 



The antiquities themselves fall into two great divisions : 

 Implements (including ornaments) and Earthworks. The 

 earthworks have been again divided by the American Archae- 

 ologists into seven classes: 1. Defensive enclosures; 2. 

 Sacred and miscellaneous enclosures ; 3. Sepulchral mounds ; 

 4. Sacrificial mounds; 5. Temple mounds; 6. "Animal" 

 mounds ; and 7. Miscellaneous mounds. These classes we 

 shall treat separately, and we can then better consider the 

 ' ' mound-builders ' ' themselves. 



IMPLEMENTS. 



The simple weapons of bone and stone which are found in 

 America closely resemble those which occur in other coun- 

 tries. The flakes, hatchets, axes, arrow-heads, and bone 

 implements are, for instance, very similar to those which 

 occur in the Swiss Lakes, if only we make allowance for the 

 differences of material. In addition to the simple forms, 

 which may almost be said to be ubiquitous, there are some, 

 however, which are more complicated. In many cases they 

 are perforated, as for instance those figured by Messrs. Squier 

 and Davis (I.e. p. 218). The perforated axes found in Europe 



