EARTHWORKS. 207 



in stone. The beads are generally made of shell, but are 

 sometimes cut out of bone or teeth ; in form they are gene- 

 rally round or oblong ; sometimes the shell of the Unio is 

 cut and strung so as to " exhibit the convex surface and 

 pearly nacre of the shell." The necklaces are often made of 

 beads or shells, but sometimes of teeth. The ornaments of 

 mica are thin plates of various forms, each of which has a 

 small hole. The bracelets are of copper, and generally en- 

 circle the arms of the skeletons, besides being frequent on 

 the "altars." They are simple rings "hammered out with 

 more or less skill, and so bent that the ends approach, or lap 

 over, each other." The so-called "gorgets" are thin plates 

 of copper, always with two holes, and probably therefore 

 worn as badges of authority. 



EARTHWORKS. 



The Earthworks are most abundant in the central parts 

 of the United States. They decrease in number as we ap- 

 proach the Atlantic, and are very scarce in British America 

 and on the west of the Rocky Mountains. 



Defensive Enclosures. 



The works belonging to this class "usually occupy 

 strong natural positions," and as a fair specimen of them we 

 may take the Bourne ville Enclosure in Ross County, Ohio. 

 "This work," say Messrs. Squier and Davis (I.e. p. 11), 

 "occupies the summit of a lofty detached hill, twelve miles 

 westward from the city of Chillicothe, near the village of 

 Bourneville. The hill is not far from four hundred feet in 

 perpendicular height ; and is remarkable, even among the 

 steep hills of the west, for the general abruptness of its sides, 

 which at some points are absolutely inaccessible." .... The 

 defences consist of a wall of stone, which is carried round the 



