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CHAPTER VIII. 



CAVE-MEN. 



THE principal species of mammalia, which have either 

 become entirely distinct, or very much restricted in 

 their geographical distribution, since the appearance of man 

 in Europe, are 



The cave-bear (Ursus spelceus). 



The cave- hyaena (Hycena spelcea). 



The cave-tiger (Felis spelcea). 



The mammoth (Elephas primigenius). 



The woolly-haired rhinoceros (Rhinoceros tichorinm). 



The hippopotamus (Hippopotamus major). 



The Irish elk (Megaceros hibernicus). 



The musk ox (Ovibos moschatus). 



The reindeer (Cervus tarandus). 



The aurochs (Bison Europceus). 



The urus (Bos primigenim). 



The first seven of these appear to be entirely extinct, but 

 as it is now evident that their disappearance was due to a 

 gradual change of circumstances, rather than to any sudden 

 cataclysm, or general destruction of life, it is also very im- 

 probable that their extinction was simultaneous ; and, acting 

 on this idea, M. Lartet has attempted* to construct a palgeon- 

 tological chronology. 



The remains of the cave-bear are abundant in Central 



* Ann. des Sci. Nat. 1861, p. 217. 



