SCARCITY OF HUMAN BONES. 283 



that even a larger number would be necessary. Again, the 

 Hudson's Bay territory is said to comprise about 900,000,000 

 acres. The number of Indians is estimated at 139,000. 

 Allowing one wild animal to each twenty acres, this would 

 give about 300 animals to each Indian ; and again, if we 

 consider the greater longevity of man, we must multiply this 

 by six, or even more. Thus, then, it seems evident that the 

 bones of animals are likely to be many hundred times more 

 common than those of man in these gravels. 



As yet we have but partly answered the second of the two 

 questions with which we started. Even admitting that the 

 flint hatchets are coeval with the gravel in which they occur, 

 it remains to be shown that the bones of the extinct animals 

 belong also to the same period. This has been doubted by 

 some geologists, who have suggested that they may have 

 been washed out of earlier strata. 



Taking the river-drift gravels as a whole, the following are 

 the mammalia; bones of which have been found in them : 

 The mammoth, Elephasprimigenius, Blum. 

 antiquiis, Falconer. 

 Rhinoceros tichorhinus, Cuv. 



megarhinus, Christol. 



Hippopotamus major, Nesti. 

 The musk ox, Ovibos moschatus, Blain. 

 The urus, Bos primigenius, Boj. 



The aurochs, Bison priscus, Boj. 



Equusfossilis, Owen. 

 Cervus euryceros, Aldr. 



, r elaphus, Linn. 



The reindeer, tarandus, Linn. 



Ursus spelceus, Blum. 

 Fells spelcea, Owen. 

 Hyama spelcea, Cuv. 

 Bus 



