UNITY OF THE HUMAN RACE. 477 



seems to be intermediate between them is virtually as un- 

 altered. Those who consider that length of time can change 

 a type of man, will do well to consider the fact that three 

 thousand years give no ratio on which a calculation could be 

 founded." * I am, however, not aware that it is supposed by 

 any school of Ethnologists that " time " alone, without a 

 change of external conditions, will produce an alteration of 

 type. Let us turn now to the instances relied on by Mr. 

 Crawfurd.f The millions, he says, " of African Negroes 

 that have during three centuries been transported to the 

 New World and its islands, are the same in color as the 

 present inhabitants of the parent country of their forefathers. 

 The Creole Spaniards, who have for at least as long a time 

 been settled in tropical America, are as fair as the people of 

 Arragon and Andalusia, with the same variety of color in 

 the hair and eye as their progenitors. The pure Dutch 

 Creole colonists of the Cape of Good Hope, after dwelling 

 two centuries among black Caffres and yellow Hottentots, do 

 not differ in color from the people of Holland." Here, on 

 the contrary, we have great change of circumstances, but 

 a very insufficient lapse of time, and in fact there is no 

 well- authenticated case in which these two requisites are 

 united. But Mr. Crawfurd goes too far when he denies 

 altogether any change of type. In spite of the compara- 

 tively short time which has elapsed, and of the immense 

 immigration which has been kept up, there is already a 

 marked difference between the English of Europe and those 

 of America, and it would be desirable to enquire, whether 

 in their own eyes, the Negroes of the New World exactly 

 resemble those of Africa. 



But there are some reasons which make it probable that 

 changes of external condition, or rather of country, produce 



* Poole. Trans. Ethn. Soc. New Ser. vol. ii., p. 261. 

 f Crawfurd. Trans. Ethn. Soc. New Ser. vol. ii., p. 252. 



