46 ANATOMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, AND 



3. The prognathi, or men with a protuberant countenance. 



4. Lastly, these races, which are both eurygnatlii and progna- 

 thi, like the Hottentots, the development of whose face offers an 

 example of a manifest step towards the exaggeration of this 

 same development in the anthropomorphous ape in infancy.* 



It has been endeavoured to establish, by means of averages, 

 an appreciable difference between the pelvis of various races. 

 Weber has considered that the form of the superior division is 

 not the same with all of them. According to him it would be 



1. Oval, among Europeans. 



2. Round, among Americans. 



3. Square, among the Mongols. 



4. Cuneiform or oblong, among the Africans. 



The same ideas have been resumed and defended by French 

 anthropologists ;f it is right, however, to remark, that Weber 

 himself adds that varieties of every description of pelvis may 

 be met with among the same race. That which appears certain 

 is the fact, that in the Negro race the pelvis is, in general, 

 sensibly smaller. This is, at least, the opinion of Camper, J 

 Vrolik, Sommering, White, and Berard,|| who have measured 

 a great number of them. 



The facility in parturition, so remarkable among the inferior 

 races, has therefore, as a cause, a relative smalmess in the head 

 of the foetus, even more remarkable. For we must admit 

 that, among these people, everything happens naturally, as 

 among animals ; it is the laborious childbirth among ourselves 

 which is exceptional and anomalous, and which requires to be 

 explained. This difficult and painful parturition, which we so 

 continually see, is, doubtless, the consequence of civilisation ; 



* Is. Geoffrey de Saint-Hilaire, " Sur la Classification Anthropologique," 

 Mdm. de la Societe d' Anthropologie, 1861, vol. i, p. 125. 



f [Compare Joulin, Anatomic et Physiologic compare du bassin des Mammi- 

 feres, 8vo, Paris, 1864 ; and Memoire sur le bassin considdre dans les Races 

 Humaines, 8vo, Paris, 1864. EDITOR.] 



J The proportion given by Camper is this : the great diameter is to the 

 little, 



In the European : : 41 : 27. 

 In the Negro : : 39 : 27'5. 



Account of the Regular Gradation of Man, 4to, London, 1799, p. 118. 



|| Cours de Physiologic, Paris, 1848, vol. i, p. 394. See, also, on the same 

 question, A. Maury, in the Atheneum Franc,ais, 1853, No. 47. 



